Lithiumcarbonat Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEISSES PULVER.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Schwache Base in w?ssriger L?sung. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Fluor.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Aerosols und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine gesundheitssch?dliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystemund die Nieren. Kann fruchtbarkeitssch?digend oder entwicklungssch?digend wirken.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Beh?ltern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzger?t, P2-Filter für sch?dliche Partikel.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augensch?den.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Verschlucken.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
R34:Verursacht Ver?tzungen.
R20/21/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R15:Reagiert mit Wasser unter Bildung hochentzündlicher Gase.
R14:Reagiert heftig mit Wasser.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S8:Beh?lter trocken halten.
S43:Zum L?schen . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben) verwenden (wenn Wasser die Gefahr erh?ht, anfügen: "Kein Wasser verwenden").
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S7/8:Beh?lter trocken und dicht geschlossen halten.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Lithium carbonate is a white hygroscopic powder.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
White monoclinic crystals; refractive index 1.428; density 2.11 g/cm
3; melts at 723°C; decomposes at 1,310°C; low solubility in water (1.54 g/100g) at 0°C; 1.32 g//100g at 20°C), solubility decrease with temperature (0.72g/100g at 100°C); insoluble in acetone and ethanol.
Verwenden
Lithium carbonate is used as a compound for producing metallic
lithium. Lithium carbonate is the result of treating the mineral spodumene with sulfuric
acid and then adding calcium carbonate. It is used as an antidepressant.
Indications
Lithium inhibits thyroidal incorporation of I
- into Tg, as
well as the secretion of thyroid hormones, but it does
not inhibit the activity of the Na
+-I
- symporter or the
accumulation of I
- within the thyroid. Lithium offers no
particular advantage over drugs of the thionamide class
but may be employed for temporary control of thyrotoxicosis
in patients who are allergic to both thionamides
and iodide.
synthetische
Lithium carbonate is prepared by the precipitation of lithium
ion by carbonate ion from an aqueous solution. Still another process, which is carried out on a smaller
scale, is the reaction of a solution of lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide gas. Lithium
carbonate precipitates and is recovered from the supernatant solution.
Definition
lithium carbonate: A white solid,Li2CO3; r.d. 2.11; m.p. 723°C; decomposesabove 1310°C. It is producedcommercially by treating the ore with sulphuric acid at 250°C andleaching the product to give a solutionof lithium sulphate. The carbonateis then obtained by precipitationwith sodium carbonate solution.Lithium carbonate is used in the preventionand treatment of manicdepressivedisorders. It is also usedindustrially in ceramic glazes.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Lithiumcarbonate (Eskalith, Lithane) and lithium citrate(Cibalith-S) are the salts commercially available in theUnited States.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
A base. Decomposed by acids with the evolution of carbon dioxide. Fluorine burns fiercely on contact with Lithium carbonate.
Nebenwirkungen
Drowsiness, dizziness, tiredness, increased thirst, increased frequency of urination, weight gain, and mildly shaking hands (fine tremor) may occur. These should go away as your body adjusts to the medication.
This medication may increase serotonin and rarely cause a very serious condition called serotonin syndrome/toxicity. The risk increases if you are also taking other drugs that increase serotonin, so tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the drugs you take (see Drug Interactions section). Get medical help right away if you develop some of the following symptoms: fast heartbeat, hallucinations, loss of coordination, severe dizziness, severe nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, twitching muscles, unexplained fever, unusual agitation/restlessness.
Sicherheitsprofil
Human carcinogenic
data. Poison by intraperitoneal and
intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by
ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Human
systemic effects by ingestion: toxic
psychosis, tremors, changes in fluid intake,
muscle weakness, increased urine volume,
nausea or vomiting, allergic dermatitis.
Human reproductive effects by ingestion:
effects on newborn, including Apgar score
changes and other neonatal measures or
effects. Human teratogenic effects by
ingestion: developmental abnormalities of
the cardiovascular system, central nervous
system, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal
systems. An experimental teratogen.
Experimental reproductive effects.
Experimental carcinogen producing
leukemia and thyroid tumors. Human
mutation data reported. Used in the
treatment of manic-depressive psychoses.
Incompatible with fluorine. See also
LITHIUM COMPOUNDS.
m?gliche Exposition
Lithium carbonate is used in treatment
of manic-depressive psychoses; to make ceramics and porcelain glaze; varnishes, dyes, pharmaceuticals, coating of
arc-welding electrodes; battery alloys; nucleonics, luminescent paints; glass ceramics; lubricating greases; in aluminum production
Versand/Shipping
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required
l?uterung methode
Crystallise it from water. Its solubility decreases as the temperature is raised. The solubility in H2O is 1.3% at ~10o, and 0.7% at ~100o. [D.nges in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 987 1963, Caley & Elving Inorg Synth I 1 1939.]
Inkompatibilit?ten
The aqueous solution is a strong base.
Reacts violently with acids, powdered calcium and fluorine.Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides,
permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine,
etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away
from alkaline materials, strong acids, powdered calcium,
fluorine, moisture. Corrodes aluminum, copper, zinc.
Lithiumcarbonat Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
