Lithiumchlorid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE BIS WEISSE HYGROSKOPISCHE UND ZERFLIESSENDE KRISTALLE ODER PULVER.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Die L?sung in Wasser wirkt ?tzend gegenüber Metallen.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Aerosols und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine gesundheitssch?dliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem, Herzkreislaufsystem, Nieren und Schilddrüse mit nachfolgenden Funktionsst?rungen.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Beh?ltern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgf?ltig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzger?t, P2-Filter für sch?dliche Partikel.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Verschlucken.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R35:Verursacht schwere Ver?tzungen.
R10:Entzündlich.
R36/37:Reizt die Augen und die Atmungsorgane.
R19:Kann explosionsf?hige Peroxide bilden.
R63:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib m?glicherweise sch?digen.
R20/21/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S33:Ma?nahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
S29:Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Lithium chloride is a White cubic crystals; granules or powder; hygroscopic; sharp salt-like taste; melts at 605°C; vaporizes around 1360°C, It has an unusually high water solubility when compared to the other alkali metal chlorides; readily dissolves in water (64g/100mL at 0°C); also highly soluble in alcohol and pyridine; moderately soluble in acetone (4.1 g/100mL at 25°C).
The following hydrates are known: LiCl·H2O, LiCl-3H20 and LiCl- 5H2O. The higher hydrates are stable at progressively lower temperatures. Lithium chloride is deliquescent under normal atmospheric conditions.
Lithium chloride is soluble to a significant extent in many polar organic liquids. It is generally most soluble in alcohols in which the solubility decreases as the size of the organic radical increases.
It dehumidifies air for industrial drying and for air conditioning. Lithium chloride bums with a chrims on flame and is used in pyrotechnics. It is also used as a pyrotechnic in welding and brazing fluxes.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
White cubic crystals; granules or powder; hygroscopic; sharp salt-like taste; refractive index 1.662; density 2.068 g/cm
3; melts at 605°C; vaporizes around 1,360°C; readily dissolves in water (64g/100mL at 0°C); also highly soluble in alcohol and pyridine; moderately soluble in acetone (4.1 g/100mL at 25°C).
Application
Lithium chloride solution can be used:
(1) obtaining dendritic cells in the form of LiClPAM3 DCs;
(2) LiCl buffer preparation for immunoprecipitation;
(3) in the preparation of washing buffers;
(4) in the preparation of washing buffers for radioimmunoprecipitation assays (RIPA);
(5) can be used for selective precipitation of RNA.
Definition
ChEBI: Lithium chloride is a metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. It has a role as an antimanic drug and a geroprotector. It is an inorganic chloride and a lithium salt.
synthetische
Lithium chloride may be prepared by reaction of lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid followed by crystallization:
(1) Li2CO3+ 2HCl →2LiCl + CO2+ H2O
(2) LiOH + HCl →LiCl + H2O
Crystallization above 95°C yields anhydrous salt. Hot solution upon cooling forms crystals of monohydrate, LiCl.H2O.
The solid and solution are separated and the supernatant solution is recycled for further evaporation. The crystals are dried to yield anhydrous lithium chloride.
Lithium chloride can be synthesized from its elements by heating lithium metal with chlorine gas.
It also may be obtained from natural brine.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Colorless crystals or powder. Low toxicity.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Very hygroscopic. Very soluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
These materials have weak oxidizing or reducing powers. Redox reactions can however still occur. For example, CO2, which is often regarded as chemically inert, vigorously oxidizes the strong reducing agent Mg if the two are heated together. The majority of compounds in this class are slightly soluble or insoluble in water. If soluble in water, then the solutions are usually neither strongly acidic nor strongly basic. These compounds are not water-reactive. Some do react with acids: carbonates generate carbon dioxide and heat when treated with acids; fluorides, sulfites and sulfides generate toxic gases (hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, respectively) when treated with acids.
Brandgefahr
Flash point data for Lithium chloride are not available. Lithium chloride is probably combustible.
Sicherheitsprofil
Human poison by
ingestion. Experimental poison by
intravenous and intracerebral routes.
Moderately toxic by subcutaneous and
intraperitoneal routes. Experimental
teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human
systemic effects by ingestion: somnolence,
tremors, nausea or vomiting. An eye and
severe skin irritant. Human mutation data
reported. Questionable carcinogen with
experimental neoplastigenic data. This
material has been recommended and used as
a substitute for sodwm chloride in "saltfree" diets, but cases have been reported in
which the ingestion of lithium chloride has
produced dminess, ringing in the ears,
visual disturbances, tremors, and mental
confusion. In most cases, the symptoms
disappeared when use was discontinued.
Prolonged absorption may cause disturbed
electrolyte balance, impaired renal function.
Reaction is violent with BrF3. When heated
to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of
Cl-. Used for dehumidification in the air
conditioning industry. Also used to obtain
lithum metal. See also LITHIUM
COMPOUNDS.
l?uterung methode
Crystallise it from water (1mL/g) or MeOH and dry it for several hours at 130o. Other metal ions can be removed by preliminary crystallisation from hot aqueous 0.01M disodium EDTA. It has also been crystallised from conc HCl, fused in an atmosphere of dry HCl gas, cooled under dry N2 and pulverised in a dry-box. Kolthoff and Bruckenstein [J Am Chem Soc 74 2529 1952] precipitated it with ammonium carbonate, washed it with Li2CO3 five times by decantation and finally with suction, then dissolved it in HCl. The LiCl solution is evaporated slowly with continuous stirring in a large evaporating dish, the dry powder being stored (while still hot) in a desiccator over CaCl2.
Lithiumchlorid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte