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Ammoniumchlorid

Ammonium chloride  Struktur
12125-02-9
CAS-Nr.
12125-02-9
Bezeichnung:
Ammoniumchlorid
Englisch Name:
Ammonium chloride
Synonyma:
NH4CL;ammonium chloride solution;Amchlor;Chlorid amonny;Ammoniumchlorid;ammonia chloride;AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 99.999%;ai3-08937;clorurodeamonio;AMMONIUM MURIATE
CBNumber:
CB7129971
Summenformel:
ClH4N
Molgewicht:
53.49
MOL-Datei:
12125-02-9.mol

Ammoniumchlorid Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
340 °C (subl.) (lit.)
Siedepunkt:
100 °C750 mm Hg
Dichte
1.52
Dampfdichte
1.9 (vs air)
Dampfdruck
1 mm Hg ( 160.4 °C)
FEMA 
4494 | AMMONIA (ALSO INCLUDES AMMONIUM CHLORIDE)
Brechungsindex
1.642
storage temp. 
Store at +5°C to +30°C.
L?slichkeit
H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Aggregatzustand
Solid
pka
9.25[at 20 ℃]
Wichte
1.53
Farbe
White
PH
4.7 (200g/l, H2O, 25℃)(External MSDS)
Geruch (Odor)
odorless
Geruchsart
ammoniacal
Wasserl?slichkeit
soluble
Sensitive 
Hygroscopic
maximale Wellenl?nge (λmax)
λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.021
λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0.019
Merck 
14,509
BRN 
4371014
Dielectric constant
7(0.0℃)
Expositionsgrenzwerte
ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; STEL 20 mg/m3
NIOSH: TWA 10 mg/m3; STEL 20 mg/m3
Stabilit?t:
Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases.
CAS Datenbank
12125-02-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen
Ammonium chloride(12125-02-9)
EPA chemische Informationen
Ammonium chloride (12125-02-9)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserkl?rung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gef?hrlicher Xn
R-S?tze: 22-36-41-37/38
S-S?tze: 22-36-26
RIDADR  UN 3077 9 / PGIII
OEB B
OEL TWA: 10 mg/m3, STEL: 20 mg/m3
WGK Germany  1
RTECS-Nr. BP4550000
Selbstentzündungstemperatur >400 °C
TSCA  Yes
HazardClass  9
PackingGroup  III
HS Code  28271000
Giftige Stoffe Daten 12125-02-9(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizit?t LD50 in rats (mg/kg): 30 i.m. (Boyd, Seymour); LD50 in rats (mg/kg): 1650 orally (Smeets)
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Warnung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H302 Gesundheitssch?dlich bei Verschlucken. Akute Toxizit?t oral Kategorie 4 Warnung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS07.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, P501
H319 Verursacht schwere Augenreizung. Schwere Augenreizung Kategorie 2 Warnung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS07.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P264, P280, P305+P351+P338,P337+P313P
Sicherheit
P264 Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.
P264 Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.
P270 Bei Gebrauch nicht essen, trinken oder rauchen.
P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.
P301+P312 BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Bei Unwohlsein GIFTINFORMATIONSZENTRUM/Arzt/... (geeignete Stelle für medizinische Notfallversorgung vom Hersteller/Lieferanten anzugeben) anrufen.
P305+P351+P338 BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach M?glichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.
P337+P313 Bei anhaltender Augenreizung: ?rztlichen Rat einholen/?rztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.

Ammoniumchlorid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

GERUCHLOSER FARBLOSER BIS WEISSER, HYGROSKOPISCHER FESTSTOFF IN VERSCHIEDENEN FORMEN.

CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger und reizender Rauche (Stickstoffoxide, Ammoniak und Chlorwasserstoff). Schwache S?ure in w?ssriger L?sung. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Ammoniumnitrat und Kaliumchlorat unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Greift Kupfer und seine Verbindungen an.

ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

TLV: (als Ammoniumchlorid-Rauch) 10 mg/m?(als TWA); 20 mg/m?(als STEL); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).

AUFNAHMEWEGE

Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Staubes oder Rauches und durch Verschlucken.

INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

Verdampfen bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine bel?stigende Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch schnell erreicht werden.

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege.

LECKAGE

Verschüttetes Material in Beh?ltern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzger?t, P2-Filter für sch?dliche Partikel.

R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

R22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Verschlucken.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augensch?den.
R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.

S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Ammonium chloride,Nl4CI, also known as ammoniae, salmiai,and ammonium nituriate,is a white crystalline solid. It is soluble in water, aqueous solutionsof ammonia, and is slightly soluble in methyl alcohol. Ammonium chloride is found in natureas a sublimation productof volcanic activity, or is produced by neutralizing HCI(either in liquid or gaseousphase) with NH3 gas or liquid NH40H then evaporating the excess H20. The salt decomposes at350°C and sublimes under controlled conditions at 520 °C. Ammoniumchlorideis used as an electrolyte in dry cell batteries,as a fluxfor soldering, tinningandgalvanizing, andas a processing ingredientin textile printing and hide tanning. Use as a source of nitrogen for fertilizersis limited because of the possible build up of damaging chloride residuals in the soil.

Physikalische Eigenschaften

Colorless cubic crystals or white granular powder; saline taste; odorless; hygroscopic; does not melt but sublimes on heating at 340°C; vapor pressure 48.75 torr at 250°C and 251.2 torr at 300°C; density 1.5274 g/cm3 at 25°C; refractive index 1.642; readily dissolves in water, solubility: 229 g and 271 g/L solution at O°C and 20°C, respectively; solubility lowered by alkali metal chlorides and HCl; dissolution lowers the temperature of the solution; sparingly soluble in alcohols (6 g/L at 19°C) and soluble in liquid NH3; insoluble in acetone and ether.

Occurrence

Ammonium chloride occurs in nature in crevices near volcanoes. Also, it is found in smoke when burning dry camel or donkey dung as fuel. Important applications of this compound include the manufacture of dry cells for batteries; as a metal cleaner in soldering; as a flux in tin coating and galvanizing; in fertilizers; in pharmaceutical applications as a diuretic, or diaphoretic expectorant; and as an analytical standard in ammonia analysis. Also, it is used in freezing mixtures; washing powders; lustering cotton; in safety explosives and in dyeing and tanning.

Application

Ammonium chloride is also known as sal ammoniac. white crystals made by ammonia salts acting upon hydrochloric acid followed by crystallization. It was used as a halide in many processes, including the salted paper, albumen paper, albumen opaltype, and gelatin emulsion processes. ammonium chloride is also used as a thickener and as an additive in non-alcoholic toners. According to cosmetic formulators, the ammonium component provides the tingling or stinging sensation that some people associate with toners or aftershaves, and which, in regular toners, is usually provided by the alcohol content. Ammonium chloride’s use is the result of preference in formulation feel.

synthetische

Ammonium chloride is prepared commercially by reacting ammonia with hydrochloric acid. It may be prepared by fractional crystallization from a solution containing ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride or ammonium carbonate and calcium chloride. Because of it sease of preparation it can be manufacture dindustrially along side any plant that uses or produces ammonia. Ammonium chloride is used in dry cells, metal finishing, and in the preparation of cotton for dyeing and printing.

Definition

ChEBI: Ammonium chloride is an inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. It has a role as a ferroptosis inhibitor. It is an inorganic chloride and an ammonium salt.

Allgemeine Beschreibung

Ammonium chloride is a white crystalline solid. Ammonium chloride is soluble in water(37%). The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Ammonium chloride is used to make other ammonium compounds, as a soldering flux, as a fertilizer, and for many other uses.

Air & Water Reaktionen

Soluble in water. Slowly releases hydrogen chloride [USCG, 1999].

Reaktivit?t anzeigen

Acidic salts, such as Ammonium chloride , are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.

Hazard

Eye and upper respiratory tract irritant.

Health Hazard

Inhalation of fumes irritates respiratory passages. Ingestion irritates mouth and stomach. Fumes are irritating to eyes. Contact with skin may cause irritation.

Sicherheit(Safety)

Ammonium chloride is used in oral pharmaceutical formulations. The pure form of ammonium chloride is toxic by SC, IV, and IM routes, and moderately toxic by other routes. Potential symptoms of overexposure to fumes are irritation of eyes, skin, respiratory system: cough, dyspnea, and pulmonary sensitization. Ammonium salts are an irritant to the gastric mucosa and may induce nausea and vomiting.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 1.44 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 1.3 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IM): 0.03 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 1.65 g/kg

m?gliche Exposition

Ammonium chloride is used as an industrial chemical, pharmaceutical, and veterinary drug; to make dry batteries; in galvanizing; as a soldering flux.

Lager

Ammonium chloride is chemically stable. It decomposes completely at 3388℃ to form ammonia and hydrochloric acid. Store in airtight containers in a cool, dry place.

Versand/Shipping

UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.

l?uterung methode

Crystallise it several times from conductivity water (1.5mL/g) between 90o and 0o. It sublimes. After one crystallisation, ACS grade has: metal(ppm) As (1.2), K (1), Sb (7.2), V (10.2). [Becher in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 812 1963.]

Inkompatibilit?ten

Ammonium chloride is incompatible with strong acids and strong bases. It reacts violently with ammonium nitrate and potassium chlorate, causing fire and explosion hazards. It also attacks copper and its compounds.

Waste disposal

Pretreatment involves addition of sodium hydroxide to liberate ammonia and form the soluble sodium salt. The liberated ammonia can be recovered and sold. After dilution to the permitted provisional limit, the sodium salt can be discharged into a stream or sewer.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral syrup, tablets). Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in medicines licensed in the UK (eye drops; oral syrup).

Ammoniumchlorid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte


Ammoniumchlorid Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb H?ndler.

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12125-02-9(Ammoniumchlorid)Verwandte Suche:


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