Thiram Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE KRISTALLE.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft m?glich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Verbrennen, unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Schwefeloxiden und Kohlenstoffsulfid. Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln, S?uren und oxidierbaren Stoffen.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 1 mg/m?(als TWA); Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 1 mg/m?(Einatembare Fraktion); Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); Sensibilisierung der Haut; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Aerosols und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine gesundheitssch?dliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Versprühen oder Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden, vor allem als Pulver.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Kontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf Schilddrüseund Leber.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Beh?ltern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgf?ltig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabh?ngigem Atemschutzger?t. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R20/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R43:Sensibilisierung durch Hautkontakt m?glich.
R48/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitssch?den bei l?ngerer Exposition durch Verschlucken.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gew?ssern l?ngerfristig sch?dliche Wirkungen haben.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Beh?lter sind als gef?hrlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Tetramethylthiuram disulfide is a rubber chemieal, an
accelerator of vulcanization. It represents the most
commonly positive allergen contained in the "thiuram
mix". The most frequent occupational categories are
the metal industry, homemakers, health services and
laboratories, building industries, and shoemakers.
Chemische Eigenschaften
white to almost white powder
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless to white to cream-colored crystals. May darken on exposure to air or light.
Verwenden
Tetramethylthiuram disulfide is used as fungicide; bacteriostat; pesticide; rubber vulcanization accelerator; scabicide; seed disinfectant; animal repellent; insecticide;
lube-oil additive; wood preservative; in antiseptic sprays; in the blending of lubrieant oils; used against Botrytis, rusts and downy
mildews; seed dressing against "damping off' and verticillium wilt; ethanol antagonist and deterrent in mixtures of the methyl, ethyl,
propyl, and butyl derivatives; antioxidant in polyolefin plastics; peptizing agent in polysulphide elastomers; in soaps and rodent
repellents; nut, fruit, and mushroom disinfectant.
Definition
ChEBI: An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A liquid solution of a white crystalline solid. Primary hazard is to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Easily penetrates the soil to contaminates groundwater and waterways.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water. Decomposes in acidic media to give toxic products. Decomposes to an extent on prolonged exposure to heat, air or moisture.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
TMTD is incompatible with oxidizing materials and strong acids. Also incompatible with strong alkalis and nitrating agents .
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, irritant
to skin and eyes. Body weight and hematologic
effects. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory irritation. Liquid irritates eyes and skin and may cause allergic eczema in sensitive individuals. Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, all of which may be persistent; paralysis may develop.
Brandgefahr
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating oxides of sulfur are formed. Carbon disulfide may be formed from unburned material.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Fungicide, Rodenticide: Thiram is used as a fungicide to prevent crop damage
in the field and to prevent crops from deterioration
in storage or transport. Thiram is also used as a seed, nut,
fruit, and mushroom disinfectant from a variety of fungal
diseases. In addition, it is used as an animal repellent
to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage
by rabbits, rodents, and deer. Thiram has been used in the
treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen, and as a bactericide
applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap. Thiram is used as a rubber accelerator and vulcanizer
and as a bacteriostat for edible oils and fats. It is also used
as a rodent repellent, wood preservative, and may be used
in the blending of lubricant oils. Registered for use in EU
countries. Registered for use in the U.S.
Kontakt-Allergie
TITD is a rubber vulcanization accelerator
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
and teratogenic data. Other experimental
reproductive effects. Mutation data
reported, Affects human pulmonary system.
A rmld allergen and irritant. Acute poisoning
in experimental animals produced liver,
hdney, and brain damage. Dangerous in a
fire; see NITROGEN MONOXIDE and
SULFUR DIOXIDE.
m?gliche Exposition
Thiram is a dithiocarbamate. Some thiurams have been used as rubber components: thiram is used as a rubber accelerator and vulcanizer; a seed, nut, fruit, and mushroom disinfectant; a bacteriostat for edible oils and fats; and as an ingredient in suntan and antiseptic sprays and soaps. It is also used as a fungicide, rodent repellent; wood preservative; and may be used in the blending of lubricant oils.
Carcinogenicity
Thiram also was not carcinogenic in rats
by gavage or in mice by single subcutaneous
injection. In skin painting studies in mice
thiram had tumor-initiating and -promoting
activity but was not a complete carcinogen.
Thiram was genotoxic to insects, plants,
fungi, and bacteria: it induced sister chromatid
exchange and unscheduled DNA synthesis in
cultured human cells. Despite established
genotoxicity in vitro, it showed no clastogenic
and/or aneugenic activity in vivo after oral
administration to mice at the maximum tolerated
dose.
Stoffwechselwegen
Dialkyldithiocarbamates chelate copper and inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase.
It is likely that the mode of action of chelators is principally through
their effect on lipoamide containing dehydrogenases (Corbett et al., 1984).
Thiram generates dimethyldithiocarbamic acid by being cleaved in acidic
conditions and in biological media. The acid is conjugated with glucose
and alanine in plants and with glucuronic acid in mammals. Dimethyldithiocarbamic
acid is further degraded to dimethylamine and CS2. An
extensive review of the properties of dithiocarbamate pesticides was published
by the World Health Organisation (WHO, 1988) from which much
of the following information is taken.
Versand/Shipping
UN2771 Thiocarbamate pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
l?uterung methode
Crystallise thiram (three times) from boiling CHCl3, then recrystallise it from boiling CHCl3 by adding EtOH dropwise to initiate crystallisation, and allow it to cool. Finally it is precipitated from cold CHCl3 by adding EtOH (which retains the monosulfide in solution). [Ferington & Tobolsky J Am Chem Soc 77 4510 1955, Beilstein 4 IV 242.]
Inkompatibilit?ten
Dust may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine,fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from strong alkaline materials, strong acids, strong bases and nitrating agents.
Waste disposal
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Thiram can be dissolved in alcohol or other flammable solvent and burned in an incinerator with an afterburner and scrubber.
Thiram Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
