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Natriumhydroxid

Sodium hydroxide Struktur
1310-73-2
CAS-Nr.
1310-73-2
Bezeichnung:
Natriumhydroxid
Englisch Name:
Sodium hydroxide
Synonyma:
NaOH;Caustic soda;Caustic Soda flakes;Caustic soda pearl;CAUSTIC FLAKES;Natriumhydroxid;IODINE SOLUTION;FLAKE CAUSTIC SODA;Hydroxyde de sodium;SODIUM HYDROXIDE, REAGENT GRADE, 97%, FL
CBNumber:
CB8105015
Summenformel:
NaOH
Molgewicht:
39.99711
MOL-Datei:
1310-73-2.mol

Natriumhydroxid Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
681 °C(lit.)
Siedepunkt:
1390°C
Dichte
1.515 g/mL at 20 °C
Dampfdichte
<1 (vs air)
Dampfdruck
1 mm Hg ( 745 °C)
Brechungsindex
1,473-1,475
Flammpunkt:
176-178°C
storage temp. 
room temp
L?slichkeit
H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Aggregatzustand
beads
Wichte
2.13
Farbe
White
Geruch (Odor)
Odorless
S?ure-Base-Indikators(pH-Indikatoren)
13 - 14
PH
10.98(1 mM solution);11.95(10 mM solution);12.88(100 mM solution);
Wasserl?slichkeit
SOLUBLE
Sensitive 
Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Decomposition 
176-178 ºC
maximale Wellenl?nge (λmax)
λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.015
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck 
14,8627
Expositionsgrenzwerte
TLV-TWA air 2 mg/m3 (OSHA); ceiling 2 mg/m3 (ACGIH) and 2 mg/m3/15 min (NIOSH).
Dielectric constant
57.5(25℃)
Stabilit?t:
hygroscopic
CAS Datenbank
1310-73-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen
Sodium hydroxide(1310-73-2)
EPA chemische Informationen
Sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserkl?rung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gef?hrlicher C,Xi
R-S?tze: 36/38-35-34
S-S?tze: 26-45-37/39-24/25-36/37/39
RIDADR  UN 1824 8/PG 2
OEL Ceiling: 2 mg/m3
WGK Germany  1
RTECS-Nr. TT2975000
8
TSCA  Yes
HS Code  2815 11 00
HazardClass  8
PackingGroup  II
Giftige Stoffe Daten 1310-73-2(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizit?t LD orally in rabbits: 500 mg/kg (10% soln) (Fazekas)
IDLA 10 mg/m3
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Achtung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H290 Kann gegenüber Metallen korrosiv sein. Korrosiv gegenüber Metallen Kategorie 1 Warnung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS05.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P234, P390, P404
H314 Verursacht schwere Ver?tzungen der Haut und schwere Augensch?den. ?tzwirkung auf die Haut Kategorie 1B Achtung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS05.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P260,P264, P280, P301+P330+ P331,P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340,P310, P321, P305+ P351+P338, P405,P501
Sicherheit
P234 Nur im Originalbeh?lter aufbewahren.
P260 Dampf/Aerosol/Nebel nicht einatmen.
P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.
P303+P361+P353 BEI BERüHRUNG MIT DER HAUT (oder dem Haar): Alle kontaminierten Kleidungsstücke sofort ausziehen. Haut mit Wasser abwaschen oder duschen.
P305+P351+P338 BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach M?glichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

Natriumhydroxid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

WEISSER, ZERFLIESSENDER FESTSTOFF IN VERSCHIEDENEN FORMEN, GERUCHLOS.

ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

TLV: (als STEL, ceiling) 2 mg/m?(ACGIH 2005). MAK: IIb (nicht festgelegt, aber Informationen vorhanden); (DFG 2005).

AUFNAHMEWEGE

Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Aerosols und durch Verschlucken.

INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine gesundheitssch?dliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch schnell erreicht werden.

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
?tzend. Die Substanz ver?tzt stark die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. ?tzend beim Verschlucken. Inhalation des Aerosols der Substanz kann zu Lungen?dem führen (s.Anm.).

WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann Dermatitis hervorrufen.

LECKAGE

Verschüttetes Material in geeigneten Beh?ltern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Vollschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabh?ngigem Atemschutzger?t.

R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R35:Verursacht schwere Ver?tzungen.
R34:Verursacht Ver?tzungen.

S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.

Aussehen Eigenschaften

Natronlauge 10,8 normal. Natriumhydroxidlösung 32 % ig.

Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt

Mit Säuren erfolgt heftige, exotherme Reaktion, bei Kontakt mit Ammoniumsalzen wird Ammoniak freigesetzt! Beim Verdünnen mit Wasser erfolgt starke Erwärmung! NaOH verursacht schwere Verätzungen!
Starke lokale Ätzwirkung auf Haut, Augen und Schleimhäute. Gefahr der Hornhauttrübung mit Erblindungsgefahr. Perforation der Speiseröhre und des Magens möglich. Entstehung schlecht heilender Wunden.

Schutzma?nahmen und Verhaltensregeln

Nebel und Stäube nicht einatmen! Jeden Kontakt mit der Haut vermeiden.
Schutzbrille mit Seitenschutz und oberer Augenraumabdeckung verwenden.
Latex- oder Neopren-Schutzhandschuhe (nur als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz).

Verhalten im Gefahrfall

Verschüttete Substanz mit sehr viel Wasser wegspülen.
keine Einschränkung.
Stoff brennt selbst nicht; Kontakt mit Aluminium und Zink vermeiden (Explosionsgefahr durch entstehenden Wasserstoff).

Erste Hilfe

Nach Hautkontakt: Sofort mit viel Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: 15 Minuten bei gespreizten Lidern unter fließendem Wasser mit Augendusche ausspülen. Augenarzt konsultieren!
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft. Arzt!
Nach Verschlucken: Wiederholt Wasser trinken. Erbrechen verhindern. Arzt!
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Verschmutzte bzw. benetzte Kleidung sofort ausziehen (ggf. auch Unterwäsche).
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag

Sachgerechte Entsorgung

Nach vorsichtiger Neutralisation ins Abwasser geben.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH,also referred to as caustic soda or sodium hydrate(and formerly known as lye), is a white,massive, deliquescent crystalline solid that is soluble in water,alcohol, and glycerol. It melts at 318°C (606 OF) and is the most widely used and available alkaline chemical. Most sodium hydroxide is produced as a coproduct of chlorine through the use of electrolytic cells;the cells are of the diaphragm, mercury, or membrane type. Some sodium hydroxide is marked as produced in the cells;most is evaporated and sold as 50% and 73% solutions or as anhydrous beads. Most caustic end uses require solutions of relatively low concentrations. Caustic soda is used as an analytical reagent and chemical intermediate, in scouring and cleaning baths,in rubber reclaiming and petroleum refining, in quenching baths for heat treating of steel,in cutting and soluble oils,in soaps and detergents, and in a wide variety of other applications.

Physikalische Eigenschaften

White orthorhombic crystals, produced in the form of pellets, lumps, sticks, beads, chips, flakes or solutions; hygroscopic; very corrosive; rapidly absorbs CO2 and water from the air; density 2.13 g/cm3; melts at 323°C; vaporizes at 1388°C; vapor pressure 1 torr at 739°C and 5 torr at 843°C; very soluble in water (110 g/100mL at room temperature), generating heat on dissolution; aqueous solutions highly alkaline, pH of 0.5% solution about 13 and 0.05% solution about 12; soluble in methanol, ethanol and glycerol (23.8 g/100 mL methanol and 13.9 g/100 mL ethanol at ambient temperatures.).

Verwenden

Sodium hydroxide is one of the most important industrial chemicals. In volume, it is in the top ten chemicals produced in the United States. It is used in manufacturing a large number of compounds including several sodium salts, in treating cellulose for producing rayon and cellophane, and in manufacturing soaps, detergents, pulp, and paper. Sodium hydroxide is a common neutralizing agent for acids in acid-base titrations and petroleum refining. Another major application is extracting metals from their ores where alkali fusion, such as fusion with caustic soda, often is applied to open the ores. Additionally, sodium hydroxide is used to precipitate metals as hydroxides. Other uses are in reclaiming rubber, dissolving casein in plastics production, refining vegetable oils, processing textiles, as an eluant in ion chromatography, etching and electroplating, and as a laboratory reagent. Sodium hydroxide also is used as a strong base in many organic synthesis and base-catalyzed reactions.

Definition

The most important commercial caustic.

Vorbereitung Methode

Sodium hydroxide is manufactured by electrolysis of brine using inert electrodes. Chlorine is evolved as a gas at the anode and hydrogen is evolved as a gas at the cathode. The removal of chloride and hydrogen ions leaves sodium and hydroxide ions in solution. The solution is dried to produce the solid sodium hydroxide.
A second method uses the Kellner–Solvay cell. Saturated sodium chloride solution is electrolyzed between a carbon anode and a flowing mercury cathode. In this case the sodium is produced at the cathode rather than the hydrogen because of the readiness of sodium to dissolve in the mercury. The sodium–mercury amalgam is then exposed to water and a sodium hydroxide solution is produced.

Reaktionen

Sodium hydroxide is strongly alkaline and can react with acids to form salts and water.
Reactions of 1310-73-2_1
Sodium hydroxide reacts with acidic oxides to form salt and water, so sodium hydroxide can be used to absorb acid gases in the laboratory or industrially.
Reactions of 1310-73-2_2
Sodium hydroxide can react with aqueous solutions of many metal salts to form sodium salts and metal hydroxides
Reactions of 1310-73-2_3
When sodium hydroxide and ammonia salt are heated together, it can release ammonia
Reactions of 1310-73-2_4
Sodium hydroxide is highly corrosive, so that the glass bottles storing sodium hydroxide solutions must be rubber stoppers, and glass stoppers should not be used to prevent a chemical reaction from opening. Sodium hydroxide is an important industrial raw material, and can be produced by electrolysis of saline solution industrially
Reactions of 1310-73-2_5

Allgemeine Beschreibung

A white solid. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Used in chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, cleaning compounds, drain cleaners.

Air & Water Reaktionen

Soluble in water. Dissolution can liberate enough heat to cause steaming and spattering and ignite adjacent combustible material [Haz. Chem. Data 1966].

Hazard

Corrosive to tissue in presence of mois- ture, strong irritant to tissue (eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and upper respiratory tract), poison by ingestion.

Health Hazard

Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive substancethat causes damage to human tissues.Its action on the skin is somewhat differentfrom acid burns. There is no immediate pain,but it penetrates the skin. It does not coagulateprotein to prevent its further penetration,and thus the caustic burn can become severeand slow healing. Spilling of its concentratedsolutions into the eyes can result in severeirritation or permanent injury.
It is toxic by ingestion as well as inhalationof its dust. Although the oral toxicity ofa 5–10% solution of caustic soda was foundto be low in test animals, high dosages atgreater concentrations can cause vomiting,prostration, and collapse. The oral lethal dosein rabbits is 500 mg/kg (NIOSH 1986).
Sodium hydroxide dusts or aerosols areirritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. Prolongedexposure to high concentrations in airmay produce ulceration of the nasal passage.

Brandgefahr

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.

Flammability and Explosibility

Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are not flammable as solids or aqueous solutions.

Pharmazeutische Anwendungen

Sodium hydroxide is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations to adjust the pH of solutions. It can also be used to react with weak acids to form salts.

Industrielle Verwendung

Caustic soda (NaOH) is regarded as the strongest alkaline pH regulator. Caustic soda is a very active substance and is highly corrosive. The bulk of caustic soda is manufactured by electrolysis of saturated brines (NaCl). Caustic soda has a very strong pHregulating capability (i.e. from pH 7 to pH 14) at a relatively low dosage compared to other alkaline substances. Commercially, caustic soda is available in anhydrous form, but in most mining applications the caustic soda is supplied as a 50% solution.
In the mineral processing industry, sodium hydroxide is mostly used for alkalinity control during the processing of non-metallic minerals. In base metal flotation, the use of sodium hydroxide is rare.

Sicherheitsprofil

Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mutation data reported. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NanO.

Sicherheit(Safety)

Sodium hydroxide is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries and is generally regarded as a nontoxic material at low concentrations. At high concentrations it is a corrosive irritant to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.04 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, oral): 0.5 g/kg

m?gliche Exposition

NaOH is utilized to neutralize acids and make sodium salts in petroleum refining, viscose rayon; cellophane, plastic production; and in the reclamation of solutions of their salts. It is used in the manufacture of mercerized cotton, paper, explosives, and dyestuffs in metal cleaning; electrolytic extraction of zinc; tin plating; oxide coating; laundering, bleaching, dishwashing; and it is used in the chemical industries.

Lager

Sodium hydroxide should be stored in an airtight nonmetallic container in a cool, dry place. When exposed to air, sodium hydroxide rapidly absorbs moisture and liquefies, but subsequently becomes solid again owing to absorption of carbon dioxide and formation of sodium carbonate.

Versand/Shipping

UN1823 NaOH, solid, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material. UN1824 NaOH, solution, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material

Inkompatibilit?ten

Sodium hydroxide is a strong base and is incompatible with any compound that readily undergoes hydrolysis or oxidation. It will react with acids, esters, and ethers, especially in aqueous solution.

Waste disposal

Discharge into tank containing water, neutralize, then flush to sewer with water.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (dental preparations; injections; inhalations; nasal, ophthalmic, oral, otic, rectal, topical, and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

Natriumhydroxid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte


Natriumhydroxid Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb H?ndler.

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1310-73-2(Natriumhydroxid)Verwandte Suche:


  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE VOLUMETRIC SOLUTION 0,01 MOL/L
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION 4.0% IN WATER
  • LABCONCO LABSOLUTIONS LOW-FOAMING LIQUI&
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE PELLETS 99.99% &
  • Sodium hydroxide, reagent grade, 97%, powder
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION FOR HPCE, 0.1 M NAOH
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION 8% 50 L
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE, VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, 0 .2N SOLUTION IN WATER
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION 50% IN WATER T
  • CO2 TRAP 250CC, 1/8IN FITTINGS
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE STANDARD SOLUTION 3 M&
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE STD SOLUTION 1 MOL/L N17, 1 L
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE PELLETS, R. G., REAG. A CS, REAG. PH. EUR.
  • 0,025 MOL SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION FIXA NAL
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE STANDARD SOLUTION
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION 8 MOL/L, VOLUMETRIC SOLUTION
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION, 0.5 M, 30 L
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE, FLAKES, PURIFIED
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE REAGENT GRADE 97% B&
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE REAGENT GRADE 97% F&
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION 50% FOR HPLC
  • BUFFER SOLUTION PH12.454+/-0.050(112454)
  • CALCIUM CHLORIDE 1M STER
  • COLOURED PH BUFFER SOLUTIONS+ELECTRODE
  • DAB TETRAHYDROCHLORIDE HYD REAGENT GRADE
  • DNA MW MARKER 100BP LADDER
  • EE BROTH MOSSEL (HARM EP) VIAL 90 ML
  • 1mol/l-Sodium Hydroxide Solution
  • 2mol/l-Sodium Hydroxide Solution
  • 4mol/l-Sodium Hydroxide Solution
  • 5mol/l-Sodium Hydroxide Solution
  • 6mol/l-Sodium Hydroxide Solution
  • 8mol/l-Sodium Hydroxide Solution
  • Sodium hydroxide anhydrous, free-flowing, pellets, Redi-Dri, ACS reagent, >=97%
  • Sodium hydroxide granulated EMPLURA
  • Sodium hydroxide pellets EMPLURA
  • Sodium hydroxide pellets for analysis (max. 0.02% K) EMSURE ACS,Reag. Ph Eur,ISO
  • Sodium hydroxide pellets for analysis EMSURE ISO
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION, FOR MOL.
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE, ANHYDROUS, FREE-FLOWI&
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE, PELLETS, 99.99% METALS
  • Sodium hydroxideACS reagent, ≥ 97.0% (Titration)
  • FREE SAMPLE NCV SODIUM HYDROXIDE
  • Sodium hydroxide solution, Volumetric, 2.0:M HCl (2.0N)
  • Sodium Hydroxide, For ACS analysis
  • Sodium hydroxide solution, Volumetric, 0.5M NaOH (0.5N)
  • Sodium hydroxide solution, Volumetric, 4M NaOH (4N)
  • Sodium Hydroxide, DILUT-IT? Analytical Concentrate, 0.5N, 1/2 equiv. = 20.00g NaOH
  • causticsoda,dry(dot)
  • causticsoda,flake(dot)
  • Sodium Hydroxide, 2.5N Volumetric Solution
  • Sodium Hydroxide, 50% Solution, Water for Injection Quality Water
  • Sodium Hydroxide, 2N Volumetric Solution
  • Sodium Hydroxide, 0.1N Volumetric Solution
  • Sodium Hydroxide, 5N Volumetric Solution
  • Sodium Hydroxide, 10.0 Normal Volumetric Solution
  • Sodium Hydroxide, 50%(w/w) Solution
  • Sodium Hydroxide, 2.0N Solution, Water for Injection Quality Water
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