Kohlendisulfid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die D?mpfe sind schwerer als Luft und k?nnen sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung m?glich. Flie?en, Schütten o.?. kann zu elektrostatischer Aufladung führen.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Bei Sto?, Reibung oder Erschütterung explosionsartige Zersetzung m?glich. Kann beim Erhitzen explodieren. Kann sich beim Kontakt mit Luft spontan an hei?en Gegenst?nden entzünden unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Schwefeldioxid (s. ICSC 0074). Reagiert heftig mit Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Greift einige Kunststoff-, Gummi- und Beschichtungsarten an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 10 ppm; Hautresorption; Beabsichtigte ?nderung; BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 5 ppm; 16 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); Hautresorption; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe B; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20 °C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Flüssigkeit reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atmungsorgane. Verschlucken kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Exposition kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen. Exposition zwischen 200 und 500 ppm kann zum Tod führen.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Zündquellen entfernen. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen! Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Vollschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabh?ngigem Atemschutzger?t.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R48/23:Giftig: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitssch?den bei l?ngerer Exposition durch Einatmen.
R62:Kann m?glicherweise die Fortpflanzungsf?higkeit beeintr?chtigen.
R63:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib m?glicherweise sch?digen.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S33:Ma?nahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S7:Beh?lter dicht geschlossen halten.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
CS2; (Kohlensulfid, Kohlendisulfid).
Farblose bis gelbliche Flüssigkeit mit Geruch nach faulem Rettich.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Gefährliche Reaktion u.a. mit Aluminium, Zinkpulver, Alkalimetallen, Aziden, Halogen/Halogenverbindungen, Hydrazin und -derivaten, Kohlenstoff, Nichtmetallen, Stickstoffoxiden, Permangansäure. Bildung explosionsfähiger Gas/Luftgemische.
Schwefelkohlenstoff wirkt vor allem auf das Nervensystem. Bei der Einwirkung von Flüssigkeit auf Haut und Schleimhäute kommt es zu starken Reizungen, zu Brennen, Rötung und unter Umständen zu Hautdefekten. 5-10 minütige Einwirkung wirkt ähnlich wie ein Verbrennung zweiten Grades. Die Substanz wird sofort über die Haut aufgenommen (Resorption). Das Einatmen von Dämpfen führt zu Schleimhautreizungen, Unruhe, Sehstörungen, Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Kopfschmerzen, Bewußtlosigkeit und Atemlähmung. Die Inhalation oder Hautresorption über längere Zeit führen zu Müdigkeit, Gliederschmerzen, Gefühlslosigkeit, sowie Muskelschwäche. Später treten auf: Reizbarkeit, Verdauungsstörungen, Psychosen und Rauschzustände. Nach oraler Aufnahme sind Erbrechen, Kopfschmerzen, Zyanose, Atemlähmung, Hypotonie, Tremor, Bewußtlosigkeit und Krämpfe die Hauptsymptome.
Wassergefährdend (WGK 2).
Schutzma?nahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Exposition vermeiden. Im Abzug arbeiten. Zündquellen fernhalten. Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladung treffen.
Bei Auftreten von Dämpfen/Aerosolen Kombinationsfilter ABEK.
Schutzhandschuhe (nur als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz).
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Kleine Spritzer im Abzug verdunsten lassen. Größere Mengen mit flüssigkeitsbindendem Material z.B. Rench-Rapid aufnehmen. Als Sondermüll entsorgen. Nachreinigen.
CO
2, Pulver, Schaum, Wasser.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit viel Wasser abwaschen. Hautarzt!
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit viel Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 15 Minuten spülen. Augenarzt!
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft, Atemkontrolle, ggf. Gerätebeatmung. Notarzt!
Nach Verschlucken: Erbrechen vermeiden (Aspirationsgefahr). Sofort Arzt verständigen!
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung ausziehen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
Als Sondermüll entsorgen.
Beschreibung
For many years, carbon disulfide was manufactured by the
reaction of charcoal with sulfur vapor at temperatures of 750–
1000 C, but by the mid-twentieth century, especially in the
United States, the process was superseded by the reaction of
natural gas (principally methane) with sulfur.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Carbon disulfide (carbon bisulfide; CS2; CASRN 75-15-0), in its pure form is a colorless liquid that evaporates readily at room temperature, with a sweet aromatic odor similar to that of chloroform. In its impure commercial and reagent form, however, carbon disulfide is a yellowish liquid with a foulsmelling odor. It can be detected by odor at about 1 ppm but the sense of smell fatigues rapidly and, therefore, odor does not serve as a good warning property. It has a vapor pressure of 297mmHg and solubility in water by weight of 0.3% at 20 °C (68 °F). Once carbon disulfide is in the air it will break down into simpler substances within a few days after release (OEHHA, 2001).
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid; ethereal odor when pure. Technical grades have strong, foul,
rotten, radish-like odor. Leonardos et al. (1969) reported an odor threshold in air of 210 ppb
v.
Verwenden
Carbon disulfide is used as a raw material in the production of such things as rayon, cellophane, semiconductors, and carbon tetrachloride, and to make some pesticides. It is used as an industrial solvent and chemical intermediate to dissolve rubber to produce tires (ATSDR, 1996), as well as in grain fumigation, analytical chemistry research, degreasing, dry cleaning, and oil extraction (Finkel et al., 1983). Natural sources of carbon disulfide include the open ocean, coastal areas of high biological activity, microbial reduction of sulfates in soil, marshlands, and some higher plants where the source of carbon disulfide is the tree roots (Carroll, 1985; Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984).
Previously, carbon disulfide was used as a pesticide, where it was typically mixed with carbon tetrachloride in a 20/80 mixture, respectively. This mixture was used to exterminate insects and rodents from entire boxcars of wheat, corn, rye, and other grains (Peters et al., 1988). Grain fumigators can be acutely intoxicated and may be chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. Therefore, in the late 1980s, all pesticides containing carbon disulfide as an active ingredient were cancelled by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) (U.S. EPA, 1999).
synthetische
Carbon disulfide is manufactured by heating sulfur vapor with charcoal, and condensing vapors of the compound formed. Alternatively, it may be obtained by heating sulfur with natural gas or petroleum fractions. Instead of sulfur, H2S may be used. The reaction occurs at very high temperatures. The product obtained in these reactions may contain sulfur impurities. Carbon disulfide is purified by distillation.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Pure carbon disulphide is a colourless liquid with a pleasant odour similar to that of chloroform, while the impure carbon disulphide is a yellowish liquid with an unpleasant odour, like that of rotting radishes. Exposure to carbon disulphide occurs in industrial workplaces. Industries associated with coal gasification plants release more of carbon disulphide, carbonyl sulphide, and hydrogen sulphide. Carbon disulphide is used in large quantities as an industrial chemical for the production of viscose rayon fibres. In fact, the major source of environmental pollution both indoor and outdoor by carbon disulphide is caused by emission released into the air from viscose plants.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Carbon disulphide has an extremely low autoignition temperature (125°C). May ignite or even explode when heated. The vapor or liquid has been known to ignite on contact with steam pipes, particularly if rusted [Anon., J. Roy. Inst. Chem., 1956, 80, p.664]. Explosion hazard when exposed to flame, heat, sparks or friction. Mixtures with lithium, sodium, potassium or dinitrogen tetraoxide may detonate when shocked. Potentially explosive reaction with nitrogen oxide, chlorine, permanganic acid(strong oxidizing agents). Vapor ignites in contact with aluminum powder or fluorine. Reacts violently with azides, ethylamine ethylenediamine, ethylene imine. Emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur when heated to decomposition [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 663]. Sodium amide forms toxic and flammable H2S gas with CS2. (714)
Hazard
A poison. Toxic by skin absorption. Highly
flammable, dangerous fire and explosion risk, can
be ignited by friction. Explosive limits in air
1–50%. Questionable carcinogen. Peripheral ner-
vous system impairment.
Brandgefahr
Ignition temperature dangerously low: 212F. Vapors may be ignited by contact with ordinary light bulb, when heated to decomposition, Carbon disulphide emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur. When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of sulfur oxides and can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Avoid air, rust, halogens, metal azides, metals, oxidants; when exposed to heat or flame reacts violently with aluminum, chlorine, azides, hypochlorite, ethylamine diamine, ethylene imine, fluorine, metallic azides of lithium, potassium, cesium, rubidium and sodium, nitrogen oxides, potassium, zinc and (sulfuric acid plus permanganate). Decomposes on standing for a long time.
Flammability and Explosibility
Carbon disulfide is extremely flammable and is a dangerous fire hazard (NFPA
rating = 3). It is has a high vapor pressure and extremely low autoignition
temperature. Its vapor is heavier than air and can travel a considerable distance to a
source of ignition and flash back. The vapor forms explosive mixtures in air at
concentrations of 1.3 to 50%. Carbon disulfide can be ignited by hot surfaces such as
steam baths that would ordinarily not constitute an ignition source for other
flammable vapors. Rust (iron oxide) may increase the likelihood of ignition by hot
surfaces. Carbon disulfide fires should be extinguished with CO2 or dry chemical
extinguishers.
m?gliche Exposition
Carbon disulfide is used in the manufacture of viscose rayon; ammonium salts; carbon tetrachloride; carbanilide, xantho genates; flotation agents; soil
disinfectants; dyes; electronic vacuum tubes; optical glass;
paints, enamels, paint removers; varnishes; varnish removers; tallow, textiles, explosives; rocket fuel; putty; preservatives, and rubber cement; as a solvent for phosphorus,
sulfur, selenium, bromine, iodine; alkali cellulose; fats,
waxes, lacquers, camphor, resins, and cold vulcanized rubber. It is also used in degreasing; chemical analysis; electroplating; grain fumigation; oil extraction; and drycleaning. It is widely used as a pesticide intermediate.
Environmental Fate
Chemical/Physical. Carbon disulfide hydrolyzes in alkaline solutions to carbon dioxide
and hydrogen disulfide (Peyton et al., 1976).
In an aqueous alkaline solution containing
hydrogen peroxide, dithiopercarbonate, sulfide, elemental sulfur and polysulfides may be
expected to form (Elliott, 1990). In an aqueous alkaline solution (pH ≥8), carbon disulfide
reacted with hydrogen peroxide forming sulfate and carbonate ions. However, when the
pH is lowered to 7–7.4, colloidal sulfur is formed (Adewuyi and Carmichael, 1987).
An
aqueous solution containing carbon disulfide reacts with sodium hypochlorite forming
carbon dioxide, sulfuric acid and sodium chloride (Patnaik, 1992). Forms a hemihydrate
which decomposes at –3°C (Keith and Walters, 1992).Agricultural fumigant
Burns with a blue flame releasing carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide (Windholz et al.,
1983). Emits very toxic sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1990).
Carbon disulfide oxidizes in the troposphere producing carbonyl sulfide. The atmospheric half-lives for carbon disulfide and carbonyl sulfide were estimated to be approximately 2 years and 13 days, respectively (Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984).
Lager
carbon
disulfide should be used only in areas free of ignition sources (including hot plates,
incandescent light bulbs, and steam baths), and this substance should be stored in
tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers.
Versand/Shipping
UN1131 Carbon disulfide, Hazard Class: 3;
Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous materials.
l?uterung methode
Shake it for 3hours with three portions of KMnO4 solution (5g/L), twice for 6hours with mercury (to remove sulfide impurities) until no further darkening of the interface occurs, and finally with a solution of HgSO4 (2.5g/L) or cold, saturated HgCl2. Dry it with CaCl2, MgSO4, or CaH2 (with further drying by refluxing over P2O5), followed by fractional distillation in diffuse light. Alkali metals cannot be used as drying agents. It has also been purified by standing with bromine (0.5mL/L) for 3-4hours, shaking rapidly with KOH solution, then copper turnings (to remove unreacted bromine), and drying with CaCl2. CS2 is highly TOXIC and highly FLAMMABLE. Work in a good fumehood. Small quantities of CS2 have been purified (including removal of hydrocarbons) by mechanical agitation of a 45-50g sample with a solution of 130g of sodium sulfide in 150mL of H2O for 24hours at 35-40o. The aqueous sodium thiocarbonate solution is separated from unreacted CS2, then precipitated with 140g of copper sulfate in 350g of water, with cooling. After filtering off the copper thiocarbonate, it is decomposed by passing steam into it. The distillate is separated from H2O and distilled from P2O5. [Ruff & Golla Z Anorg Chem 138 17 1924, Beilstein 3 IV 395.]
Inkompatibilit?ten
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Also incompatible with
chemically active metals (such as sodium, potassium, zinc),
azides, organic amines, halogens. May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion. May explode on
heating. The substance may spontaneously ignite on contact
with air and on contact with hot surfaces, producing toxic
fumes of sulfur dioxide. Reacts violently with oxidants to
produce oxides of sulfur and carbon monoxide, and causing
fire and explosion hazard. Attacks some forms of plastic,
rubber, and coating.
Waste disposal
This compound is a very flammable liquid which evaporates rapidly. It burns with a Blue
flame to carbon dioxide (harmless) and sulfur dioxide.
Sulfur dioxide has a strong suffocating odor; 1000 ppm in
air is lethal to rats. The pure liquid presents an acute fire and
explosion hazard. The following disposal procedure is suggested: All equipment or contact surfaces should be
grounded to avoid ignition by static charges. Absorb on vermiculite, sand, or ashes and cover with water. Transfer
underwater in buckets to an open area. Ignite from a distance
with an excelsior trail. If quantity is large, Carbon disulfide
may be recovered by distillation and repackaged for use.
Vorsichtsma?nahmen
During handling of carbon disulfi de, occupational workers require proper clothing, eye
protection, and respiratory protection. Workers should use the chemical under trained
management. On contact with the eyes, immediately fl ush with large amounts of water. On
skin contact, the worker should quickly remove contaminated clothing and immediately
call for medical attention
Kohlendisulfid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
Tetraethylthiuramdisulfid
1,3-Dithiolan-2-thion
Aethoxidum
Bis(piperidinothiocarbonyl)tetrasulfid
4,4'-Diacetylbiphenyl
1,3-Dithiol-2-thion
Calciumdithiocyanat
Triallat (ISO)
Natriumdimethyldithiocarbamat
3-Chloro-4-fluoroacetophenone
N,N'-Diethylthioharnstoff
CHLOROMETHIURON
Proxan-Natrium
O-Butylhydrogendithiocarbonat, Natriumsalz
5-(4-METHOXYPHENYL)-1 3 4-OXADIAZOLE-2-&
Potassium isobutylxanthate
Diethylammoniumdiethyldithiocarbamat
1-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,2-dihydro-5H-tetrazol-5-thion
N,N-DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMIC ACID
1,4-Diisothiocyanatobenzol
1H-BENZOIMIDAZOLE-2-THIOL
Sodium isoamylxanthate
S,S'-Dimethyl dithiocarbonate
Rotenon
4-Brommandelsure
5-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-thion
Ethylvinylketon
Trichlormethylsulfenyl-chlorid
5-CHLORO-2-FLUOROPHENYL ISOTHIOCYANATE
2,5-Dimethoxyphenylessigsure
ETHYLEN-BIS-(4,6-DIMETHYL-TETRAHYDRO-1,3,5-THIADIAZIN-2-THION)
1,2-Dihydro-1-methyl-5H-tetrazol-5-thion
1-(2-Furyl)hexanon
2-MERCAPTO-5-NITROBENZIMIDAZOLE
N-Methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitrovinylamin
Natrium-O-isobutyldithiocarbonat
4-Chlormandelsaeure
Paroxypropion
3-CHLORO-4-FLUOROPHENYL ISOTHIOCYANATE
Kalium-O-pentyldithiocarbonat
