2-Aminoethanol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE, VISKOSE, HYGROSKOPISCHE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen und Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger und ?tzender Gase mit Stickstoffoxiden. Mittelstarke Base. Reagiert mit Zellulosenitrat unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken S?urenund starken Oxidationsmitteln. Greift Kupfer, Aluminium und ihre Legierungen sowie Gummi an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: (als TWA) 3 ppm; (als STEL) 6 ppm; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 2 ppm 5.1 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor I(2); Sensibilisierung der Haut; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2005).
EG Arbeitsplatz-Richtgrenzwerte: 2.5 mg/m? 1 ppm (als TWA); 7.6 mg/m? 3 ppm (als STEL); Hautresorption; (EG 2006)
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation, durch Verschlucken und über die Haut.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt langsam eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft ein; viel schneller jedoch beim Versprühen oder Dispergieren.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz ver?tzt die Atemwege, die Haut und die Augen. ?tzend beim Verschlucken. Der Dampf reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Exposition kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen.
LECKAGE
Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Beh?ltern sammeln und vorsichtig neutralisieren. Dann mit viel Wasser wegspülen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und D?mpfe.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R20/21/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R34:Verursacht Ver?tzungen.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R10:Entzündlich.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Beschreibung
Monoethanolamine is contained in many products,
such as metalwork fluids. It is mainly an irritant.
Traces may exist in other ethanolamine fluids.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Monoethanolamine is a clear, colorless or pale yellow-colored, moderately viscous liquid with a mild, ammoniacal odor. Ethanolamines can be detected by odor as low as 2-3 ppm.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with an unpleasant, mild, ammonia-like odor. Odor
threshold concentration is 2.6 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983). The lowest taste
threshold concentration in potable water at 40 °C was 2.4 mg/L (Alexander et al., 1982).
Verwenden
Monoethanolamine is used as a dispersing agent for agricultural chemicals, in thesynthesis of surface-active agents, as a softening agent for hides, and in emulsifiers,polishes, and hair solutions.
Vorbereitung Methode
Monoethanolamine is prepared commercially by the ammonolysis
of ethylene oxide. The reaction yields a mixture of monoethanolamine,
diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, which is separated to
obtain the pure products. Monoethanolamine is also produced from
the reaction between nitromethane and formaldehyde.
Definition
ChEBI: A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethane with an amino substituent at C-1 and a hydroxy substituent at C-2, making it both a primary amine and a primary alcohol.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid with an odor resembling that of ammonia. Flash point 185°F. May attack copper, brass, and rubber. Corrosive to tissue. Moderately toxic. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Water soluble with evolution of heat.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Ethanolamine is a base. Reacts with organic acids (acetic acid, acrylic acid), inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid), acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylonitrile, cellulose, epichlorohydrin, mesityl oxide, beta-propiolactone, vinyl acetate. Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1498].
Health Hazard
Monoethanolamine causes severe irritationof the eyes and mild to moderate irritationof the skin. The pure liquid caused rednessand swelling when applied to rabbits’ skin.The acute oral toxicity of this compound waslow in animals. The toxic symptoms includedsomnolence, lethargy, muscle contraction,and respiratory distress. The oral LD50 valuesshowed a wide variation with species.
LD50 value, oral (rabbits): 1000 mg/kg
Monoethanolamine showed reproductive tox icity when administered at a dose of850 mg/kg/day, causing 16% mortality topregnant animals (Environmental HealthResearch and Testing 1987). This study alsoindicated that monoethanolamine reduced thenumber of viable litters but had no effect onlitter size, the birth weight, or percentage sur vival of the pups.
Brandgefahr
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors generated when heated.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Monoethanolamine is used primarily in pharmaceutical formulations
for buffering purposes and in the preparation of emulsions.
Other uses include as a solvent for fats and oils and as a stabilizing
agent in an injectable dextrose solution of phenytoin sodium.
Monoethanolamine is also used to produce a variety of salts with
therapeutic uses. For example, a salt of monoethanolamine with
vitamin C is used for intramuscular injection, while the salicylate
and undecenoate monoethanolamine salts are utilized respectively
in the treatment of rheumatism and as an antifungal agent.
However, the most common therapeutic use of monoethanolamine
is in the production of ethanolamine oleate injection, which is used
as a sclerosing agent.
Kontakt-Allergie
Monoethanolamine is contained in many products,
such as metalworking fluids. It is mainly an irritant.
Traces may exist in other ethanolamine fluids.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by
ingestion, skin contact, subcutaneous,
intravenous, and intramuscular routes. A
corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous
membranes. Human mutation data reported.
Flammable when exposed to heat or flame.
A powerful base. Reacts violently with acetic
acid, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylic acid,
acrylonitrile, cellulose, chlorosulfonic acid,
epichlorohydrin, HCl, HF, mesityl oxide,
HNO3, oleum, H2SO4, p-propiolactone,
vinyl acetate. To fight fire, use foam, alcohol
foam, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
See also AMINES
Sicherheit(Safety)
Monoethanolamine is an irritant, caustic material, but when it is
used in neutralized parenteral and topical pharmaceutical formulations
it is not usually associated with adverse effects, although
hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Monoethanolamine
salts are generally regarded as being less toxic than monoethanolamine.
LD
50 (mouse, IP): 0.05 g/kg
LD
50 (mouse, oral): 0.7 g/kg
LD
50 (rabbit, skin): 1.0 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, IM): 1.75 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, IP): 0.07 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, IV): 0.23 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, oral): 1.72 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, SC): 1.5 g/kg
m?gliche Exposition
Monoethanolamine is widely used in
industry for scrubbing acid gases and in production of
detergents and alkanolamide surfactants; to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen from natural gas, to remove hydrogen
sulfide and carbonyl sulfide; as an alkaline conditioning
agent; as an intermediate for soaps, detergents, dyes, and
textile agents. Diethanolamine is an absorbent for gases; a
solubilizer for 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); and
a softener and emulsifier intermediate for detergents. It also
finds use in the dye and textile industry. Triethanolamine is
used as plasticizers, neutralizer for alkaline dispersions;
lubricant additive; corrosion inhibitor; and in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, shampoos, shaving preparations;
face and hand creams; cements, cutting oils, insecticides,
surface active agents; waxes, polishes, and herbicides.
Environmental Fate
Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 0.93 and 1.28 g/g using
filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined
using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a period of 5 d. Similarly, Heukelekian and Rand
(1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 0.85 g/g which is 65.0% of the ThOD value of 1.31 g/g.
Chemical/Physical. Aqueous chlorination of ethanolamine at high pH produced Nchloroethanolamine,
which slowly degraded to unidentified products (Antelo et al., 1981).
At an influent concentration of 1,012 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent
concentration of 939 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 15 mg/g carbon (Guisti et
al., 1974).
Lager
Monoethanolamine is very hygroscopic and is unstable when
exposed to light. Aqueous monoethanolamine solutions may be
sterilized by autoclaving.
When monoethanolamine is stored in large quantities, stainless
steel is preferable for long-term storage. Copper, copper alloys, zinc,
and galvanized iron are corroded by amines and should not be used
for construction of storage containers. Ethanolamines readily
absorb moisture and carbon dioxide from the air; they also react
with carbon dioxide. This can be prevented by sealing the
monoethanolamine under an inert gas. Smaller quantities of
monoethanolamine should be stored in an airtight container,
protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
Versand/Shipping
UN2491 Ethanol
amine or Ethanolamine solutions, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.
Inkompatibilit?ten
Monoethanolamine contains both a hydroxy group and a primary
amine group and will thus undergo reactions characteristic of both
alcohols and amines. Ethanolamines will react with acids to form
salts and esters. Discoloration and precipitation will take place in the presence of salts of heavy metals. Monoethanolamine reacts
with acids, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, and esters to form amide
derivatives, and with propylene carbonate or other cyclic carbonates
to give the corresponding carbonates.
As a primary amine, monoethanolamine will react with
aldehydes and ketones to yield aldimines and ketimines. Additionally,
monoethanolamine will react with aluminum, copper, and
copper alloys to form complex salts. A violent reaction will occur
with acrolein, acrylonitrile, epichlorohydrin, propiolactone, and
vinyl acetate.
Waste disposal
Controlled incineration; incinerator equipped with a scrubber or thermal unit to reduce
nitrogen oxides emissions
Regulatory Status
Included in parenteral and nonparenteral medicines licensed in the
UK and USA. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal
Ingredients.
2-Aminoethanol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
Alibendol
fluorescent whitening agent JD-3
N-(Dicyclopropylmethyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-amin
N,N'-Bis(2-chlorethyl)-nitrosoharnstoff
2-[(Diisopropyl)amino]ethyl-9H-xanthen-9-carboxylat
alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphoric monoester ethanolamine
Nicorandil
TERT-BUTYL N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)CARBAMATE
Direct Red 243
Morpholin-3-on
6-[N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3-dimethyl-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Diethyl(acetylamino)((2-((bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)methyl)-5-nitrophenyl)methyl)propanedioate
2-(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)ETHYLAMINE
(2-Aminoethoxy)(diphenyl)boran
2-(Butylamino)ethanol
2-Thiazolidinthion
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
phthalogen auxiliary BSK
Pretilachlor
Butethamine
1-(2-Chlorethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosoharnstoff
2-HYDROXYETHYLUREA
N-2-Hydroxyethylacetamid
monoethanolamine dodecyl sulfate
Fluorescent brightener 85
1,3-Oxazolidin-2-on
2-Methyl-2-thiazoline
2-Bromethylammoniumbromid
9,10-Anthracendion, 1,4-Diamino-, N,N'-gemischte 2-Hydroxyethyl und Methylderivate
2-Ethylhexylhydrogen-2-ethylhexylphosphonat
Aminoprofen
2-(Benzylmethylamino)ethanol
2-Hydroxyethyliminodi(essigsure)
N-2-Bromethylphthalimid
2-Aminoethylhydrogensulfat
4,4'-Bis[4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-anilino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]stilben-2,2'-disulfonsure
POLYETHYLENEIMINE
Mercaptaminhydrochlorid
Amlodipine
S-2-Aminoethylthiouroniumbromidhydrobromid
