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Formamid

Formamide Struktur
75-12-7
CAS-Nr.
75-12-7
Bezeichnung:
Formamid
Englisch Name:
Formamide
Synonyma:
HCONH2;METHANAMIDE;Formamid;formimidicacid;Formaride;Formylamide;FORMIC AMIDE;CARBAMALDEHYDE;Formimidic acid;Residual Solvent Class 2 - Formamide
CBNumber:
CB9854215
Summenformel:
CH3NO
Molgewicht:
45.04
MOL-Datei:
75-12-7.mol

Formamid Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
2-3 °C(lit.)
Siedepunkt:
210 °C(lit.)
Dichte
1.134 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Dampfdichte
1.55 (vs air)
Dampfdruck
0.08 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Brechungsindex
n20/D 1.447(lit.)
Flammpunkt:
310 °F
storage temp. 
Store at +2°C to +25°C.
L?slichkeit
H2O: 10 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Aggregatzustand
liquid
pka
16.50±0.50(Predicted)
Wichte
1.138 (20/20℃)
Farbe
clear, colorless
Relative polarity
7.3
Geruch (Odor)
Odorless
S?ure-Base-Indikators(pH-Indikatoren)
7.1 at 23 g/l
PH
8-10 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosionsgrenze
2.7-19.0%(V)
Wasserl?slichkeit
miscible
Sensitive 
Hygroscopic
maximale Wellenl?nge (λmax)
λ: 275 nm Amax: 1.00
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.20
λ: 300 nm Amax: 0.05
λ: 360 nm Amax: 0.02
λ: 400 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck 
14,4237
BRN 
505995
Expositionsgrenzwerte
ACGIH: TWA 10 ppm (Skin)
NIOSH: TWA 10 ppm(15 mg/m3)
Dielectric constant
84.0(20℃)
InChIKey
ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Datenbank
75-12-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen
Formamide(75-12-7)
EPA chemische Informationen
Formamide (75-12-7)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserkl?rung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gef?hrlicher T
R-S?tze: 61-41-37/38-48/22-40
S-S?tze: 53-45-36/37/39-26-23-36/37
OEB A
OEL TWA: 10 ppm (15 mg/m3) [skin]
WGK Germany  1
RTECS-Nr. LQ0525000
10
Selbstentzündungstemperatur 932 °F
TSCA  Yes
HS Code  2924.19.1150
Giftige Stoffe Daten 75-12-7(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizit?t LD50 in mice, rats (g/kg): 4.6, 5.7 i.p. (Pham-Huu-Chanh)
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Achtung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H351 Kann vermutlich Krebs verursachen. Karzinogenit?t Kategorie 2 Warnung P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405,P501
H373 Kann die Organe sch?digen bei l?ngerer oder wiederholter Exposition. Spezifische Zielorgan-Toxizit?t (wiederholte Exposition) Kategorie 2 Warnung P260, P314, P501
Sicherheit
P202 Vor Gebrauch alle Sicherheitshinweise lesen und verstehen.
P260 Dampf/Aerosol/Nebel nicht einatmen.
P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.
P308+P313 BEI Exposition oder falls betroffen: ?rztlichen Rat einholen/?rztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.
P405 Unter Verschluss aufbewahren.
P501 Inhalt/Beh?lter ... (Entsorgungsvorschriften vom Hersteller anzugeben) zuführen.

Formamid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

FARBLOSE, HYGROSKOPISCHE, VISKOSE FLüSSIGKEIT.

CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

Beim Verbrennen Bildung giftiger Gase (Stickstoffoxide). Zersetzung beim Erhitzen bei 180°C unter Bildung von Ammoniak, Wasser, Kohlenmonoxid und Cyanwasserstoff. Reagiert mit Oxidationsmitteln. Greift Metalle wie Aluminium, Eisen, Kupfer und Naturkautschuk an.

ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

TLV: 10 ppm (als TWA); Hautresorption; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: IIb (nicht festgelegt, aber Informationen vorhanden) Hautresorption; (DFG 2006).

AUFNAHMEWEGE

Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation der D?mpfe, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.

INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft nicht oder nur sehr langsam ein

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Haut. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem.

WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

Tierversuche zeigen, dass die Substanz m?glicherweise fruchtbarkeitssch?digend oder entwicklungssch?digend wirken kann.

LECKAGE

Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit m?glichst in abdichtbaren Stahl- (nicht Kupfer-)beh?ltern sammeln. Verschüttete Flüssigkeit mit viel Wasser wegspülen.

R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib sch?digen.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augensch?den.
R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.

S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).

Aussehen Eigenschaften

CH3NO; Ameisensäureamid, Methanamid. Farblose bis schwach gelbliche hygroskopische Flüssigkeit. Schwer entzündlich und glycerinartige Viskosität.

Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt

Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.
Lokale Haut- und Schleimhautreizungen. Wirk teratogen und schädigt Leber und Nieren.
Heftige Reaktion mit starken Oxidationsmitteln. Als Zersetzungsprodukte können Ammoniak und Blausäure entstehen.
LD50 (oral, Ratte): 5800 mg/kg.

Schutzma?nahmen und Verhaltensregeln

Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz.

Verhalten im Gefahrfall

Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen. Dämpfe mit Wasser niederschlagen.
Mit flüsssigkeitsbindendem Material z. B. Rench Rapid aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen.
Kohlendioxid, Wassernebel, Schaum, Pulver.
Bei Brand kann Cyanwasserstoff freigesetzt werden.

Erste Hilfe

Nach Hautkontakt: Mit viel Wasser und Seife abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser und geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 10 Minuten ausspülen. Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft, Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Verschlucken: Viel Wasser trinken lassen. Erbrechen auslösen. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung sofort entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag

Sachgerechte Entsorgung

Als halogenfreie, organische Lösemittelabfälle.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Formamide is a colorless, viscous liquid. Faint ammonia-like odor.

Verwenden

Formamide destabilizes nucleic acid duplexes and may be used, typically, at a concentration of 50%, in hybridization protocols requiring lower hybridization temperatures.

Definition

ChEBI: The simplest monocarboxylic acid amide, obtained by formal condensation of formic acid with ammonia. The parent of the class of formaldehydes.

Vorbereitung Methode

Formamide is produced commercially by two processes (Eberling 1980). In a direct synthesis, ammonia and carbon monoxide react at 100-300 atm and 80-100°C in methanolic sodium methoxide. In the second, a two-stage synthesis, carbon monoxide and methanol form methylformate in the presence of sodium methoxide. The methylformate is treated with liquid or gaseous ammonia at 2-6 atm and 80-100°C.

Allgemeine Beschreibung

A colorless liquid with a faint odor of ammonia. Denser than water. Freezing point 36°F.

Air & Water Reaktionen

Hygroscopic. Water soluble.

Reaktivit?t anzeigen

Formamide is incompatible with strong oxidizers, acids and bases. Sensitive to light. Reacts with water very slowly at room temperature, but rate is accelerated by acids and bases at elevated temperatures. Incompatible with iodine, pyridine and sulfur trioxide. Reacts explosively with furfuryl alcohol, H2O2, Tl(NO3)3.H2O, nitromethane and P2O5. An effective solvent: dissolves casein, glucose, tannins, starch, lignin, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, nylon, the chlorides of copper, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, iron, aluminum and nickel, the acetates of the alkali metals, some inorganic sulfates and nitrates. Attacks copper and brass .

Hazard

Toxic material. Toxic by skin absorption.

Health Hazard

Formamide is moderately irritating to the skin and mucous membranes (Windholz 1983).

Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung

Fonnamide is an organic compound containing the amide group -CONH2. It is made from formic acid or its ester with ammonia. It is also made from ammonia and carbon monoxide.
Formamide is used in making liquid fertilizers for foliar application of nitrogen. For example, a mixture of formamide, urea and ammonium nitrate is used as a solution fertilizer and has a salt-out temperature of 0°C. It contains more than 35% nitrogen, unlike the aqueous formulations of urea, and ammonium nitrate, which have 32 % nitrogen.Formamide is a good solvent for many organic compounds.

Industrielle Verwendung

Formamide is used in the large scale production of formic acid by reaction with inorganic acids, as an intermediate in the chemical industry, as a solvent in the processing of plastics, and as a solvent in felt-tip pens (Eberling 1980).

Sicherheitsprofil

Poison by skin contact and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and intramuscular routes. An irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. An eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Incompatible with 12, pyridine,SO3. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. Has exploded while in storage.

m?gliche Exposition

Formamide is a powerful solvent. It is also used as an intermediate in pharmaceutical manufacture.

Environmental Fate

If released to air, formamide will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase formamide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. The half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.0 days. If released to soil, formamide is expected to have very high mobility. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. If released into water, formamide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment. Several biodegradation screening studies have observed significant biodegradation of formamide, which suggests that biodegradation may be important. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound’s estimated Henry’s law constant.

Stoffwechsel

There are only very few reports on the metabolic fate of formamide in the literature. Halsey (1898) found that formamide gave rise to as much urinary formate in the dog as did formic acid, and assumed complete hydrolysis of the amide in vivo. In a study by Bray et al (1949) the hypothesis was tested that formamide undergoes metabolic hydrolysis in rabbits. Acidic substances were titrated after extraction by ether, before and after hydrolysis of urine samples. The ether-soluble acid determined in hydrolyzed urine was assumed to reflect the amount of formamide excreted unchanged. The difference between the amount of amide administered and the total amount excreted unchanged was considered to represent amide which was metabolically hydrolyzed. After administration of 2-4 g per rabbit orally, 39% of the dose was recovered unchanged using this method. When formamide was incubated with rabbit liver extracts or liver slices, only very little hydrolysis was detected by this method.

Versand/Shipping

UN2810 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

l?uterung methode

Formamide is easily hydrolysed by acids and bases. It also reacts with peroxides, acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters and (on heating) alcohols, while strong dehydrating agents convert it to a nitrile. It is very hygroscopic. Commercial material often contains acids and ammonium formate. Vorhoek [J Am Chem Soc 58 2577 1956] added some bromothymol blue to formamide and then neutralised it with NaOH before heating to 80-90o under reduced pressure to distil off ammonia and water. The amide is again neutralised and the process is repeated until the liquid remained neutral on heating. Sodium formate is added, and the formamide is concentrated under reduced pressure at 80-90o. The distillate is again neutralised and redistilled. It is then fractionally crystallised in the absence of CO2 and water by partial freezing. Formamide (specific conductance 2 x 10-7 ohm-1 cm-1) of low water content is dried by passage through a column of 3A molecular sieves, then deionized by treatment with a mixed-bed ion-exchange resin loaded with H+ and HCONH-ions (using sodium formamide in formamide)[Notley & Spiro J Chem Soc (B) 362 1966]. [Beilstein 2 IV 45.]

Inkompatibilit?ten

Forms hydrocyanic acid with water solutions. Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from air). Incompatible with nonoxidizing mineral acids; strong acids; ammonia, cresols, iodine, isocyanates, oleum, phenols, pyr idine, sulfur trioxide; oxidizers, iodine, pyridine. Formamide decomposes on heating @ 180℃ forming ammonia, water, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. Attacks metals, such as aluminum, iron, copper, brass, lead, and natural rubber. Thermal decomposition may release deadly hydrogen cyanide. Compounds of the carboxyl group react with all bases, both inorganic and organic (i.e., amines) releasing substantial heat, water and a salt that may be harmful. Incompatible with arsenic compounds (releases hydrogen cyanide gas), diazo compounds, dithio carbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides (releasing heat, toxic and possibly flammable gases), thiosulfates and dithionites (releasing hydrogen sulfate and oxides of sulfur).

Waste disposal

Dissolve in a combustible solvent and dispose by burning in a furnace equipped with an alkali scrubber for the exit gases.

Formamid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte

5-(4-Phenyl-phenyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one ,97% 5-METHYL-2-PYRROL-1-YL-THIOPHENE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID Ivermectin 7-METHYLADENINE 6-ISO-PROPYL-3H-THIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-4-ONE (4-OXO-6,7-DIHYDRO-4H,5H-CYCLOPENTA[4,5]THIENO-[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-3-YL)-ACETIC ACID Zidovudine 4-Methylthiazol Peplomycin 5-Ethyl-6-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one ,97% 1,2,3,5-TETRAHYDRO-8-THIA-5,7-DIAZA-CYCLOPENTA[A]INDENE-4-ONE CAFENSTROLE 5,6-DIMETHYLTHIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-4(3H)-ONE 4,5-Dimethylthiazol 4-CHLORO-5,6-DIMETHYLTHIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDINE Xanomeline 2-THIOPHENECARBOXAMIDE 5-(4-METHOXY-PHENYL)-3H-THIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-4-ONE 6-PHENYL-3H-THIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-4-ONE ETHYL 5-METHYL-4-OXO-3,4-DIHYDROTHIENO[2,3-D]-PYRIMIDINE-6-CARBOXYLATE 5-Ethoxy-4-methyloxazole 6-ethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 4-Amino-6-methoxypyrimidine 5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO-3H-BENZO[4,5]THIENO[2,3-D]-PYRIMIDIN-4-ONE 3,7-Dihydro-1H-purin-2,6-dithion 2-(4-Methylthiazol-5-yl)ethylacetat 2,6-PIPERAZINEDIONE, 4,4'-(1-METHYL-1,2-ETHANEDIYL)BIS- Cefodizime 2,4-Dimethoxybenzylamine VESNARINONE 6-METHYL-3H-THIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-4-ONE 4-CHLORO-8-FLUORO-5H-PYRIMIDO[5,4-B]INDOLE 6-TERT-BUTYL-3H-THIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-4-ONE 3,5-DIMETHYL-3H-IMIDAZOLE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER α-D-Glucopyranosid, β-D-Fructofuranosyl-, Octadecanoat 6-Iodoquinazolin-4-one 3,4-DIHYDRO-4-OXOQUINAZOLINE-7-CARBOXYLIC ACID methyl 3,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinazoline-7-carboxylate Diethylstilbestrol 5-METHYL-4-OXO-3,4-DIHYDRO-THIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDINE-6-CARBOXYLIC ACID

Formamid Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb H?ndler.

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75-12-7(Formamid)Verwandte Suche:


  • methanoicacid,amide
  • FORMIC ACID AMIDE
  • FORMAMIDE
  • FORMAMIDE, DEIONIZED
  • Formamide, for polarographic and nonaqueous titration, for analysis
  • Formamide, for spectroscopy, 99+%
  • FORMAMIDE BIO-REFINED
  • FORMAMIDE REAGENT (ACS)
  • formamide, spectrophotometric grade
  • FORMAMIDE,BIOSOLV
  • FORMAMIDE,DEIONIZED,ULTRAPURE
  • FORMAMIDE,OMNISOLV
  • FORMAMIDE,ULTRAPURE
  • FORM
  • Ameisensαureamid
  • AMIDE C1
  • AKOS BBS-00004264
  • Formamide, Spectrophotometric Grade, 99+%
  • Formamide, 99.5%
  • FORMAMIDE pure
  • FORMAMIDE extrapure AR
  • Amide C1, Formic amide
  • Formamide solution
  • Formamide, 99.5+%, extra pure
  • Formamide, 99.5%, for analysis
  • Formamide, 99.6%, for analysis ACS
  • Formamide, extra pure
  • Formamide, for analysis
  • Formamide, for spectroscopy
  • Formamide, for analysis ACS
  • Formamide,99+%,for spectroscopy
  • Formamide,for analysis,for polarographic andnonaqueous titration
  • Formamide,99%,for molecular biology,DNAse, RNAse and Protease free
  • Formamide4x500ml
  • Formamide, Spectrophotometric, 99.0% min.
  • Formamide, DNase, RNase and Protease Free
  • Formamide, For ACS analysis
  • Formamide in Dimethyl Sulfoxide, USP 467 Standard
  • Amid kyseliny mravenci
  • amidkyselinymravenci
  • Formamide ACS reagent, >=99.5%
  • Formamide puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5% (GC/T)
  • Formamide ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0% (GC)
  • Formamide Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
  • Formamide,Amide C1, Formic amide
  • Formamide, reagent grade, ACS
  • ForMaMide, Electrophoresis Grade
  • L-CYSTEINE HCL HIGH PURITY GRADE
  • NADH DISODIUM SALT TRIHYDRATE REAGENT GR
  • SODIUM PERSULPHATE 1 MOL/L (238 G/L) AVS
  • FORMAMIDE HDPE
  • Formamide Methanamide
  • Formamide, MB Grade (1.12017)
  • Formamide, Molecular Biology Grade Methanamide, Molecular Biology Grade
  • FORMAMIDE 99.5+% A.C.S. REAGENT
  • FORMAMIDE R. G.
  • FORMAMIDE SIGMAULTRA
  • FORMAMIDE ACS REAGENT
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