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Tetranitromethan

TETRANITROMETHANE Struktur
509-14-8
CAS-Nr.
509-14-8
Bezeichnung:
Tetranitromethan
Englisch Name:
TETRANITROMETHANE
Synonyma:
TNM;tetan;NSC 16146;NCI-C55947;tetranitro-methan;TETRANITROMETHANE;tetranitromethane0;Methane,tetranitro-;rcrawastenumberp112;Tetranitromethane(R)
CBNumber:
CB9236431
Summenformel:
CN4O8
Molgewicht:
196.03
MOL-Datei:
509-14-8.mol

Tetranitromethan Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
13-14 °C(lit.)
Siedepunkt:
126 °C(lit.)
Dichte
1.637 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Dampfdruck
8.4 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Brechungsindex
n20/D 1.438(lit.)
Flammpunkt:
>230 °F
storage temp. 
2-8°C
L?slichkeit
Miscible with alcohol and ether (Hawley, 1981)
Aggregatzustand
liquid
Merck 
13,9305
Expositionsgrenzwerte
NIOSH REL: TWA 1 ppm, IDLH 4 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 5 ppb (adopted).
Dielectric constant
23.1(Ambient)
Stabilit?t:
Stability Oxidizer. Reacts with a wide variety of materials including organics, brass, zinc, cotton, sodium, pyridine, toluene, aluminium, finely powdered metals. Heat, friction and shock sensitive. May decompose or react with other chemicals violently.
CAS Datenbank
509-14-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC
2B (Vol. 65) 1996
EPA chemische Informationen
Tetranitromethane (509-14-8)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserkl?rung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gef?hrlicher O,T+
R-S?tze: 8-25-26-36/37/38-40
S-S?tze: 17-28-36/37-45
OEB B
OEL TWA: 1 ppm (8 mg/m3)
RIDADR  UN 1510 5.1/PG 1
WGK Germany  3
RTECS-Nr. PB4025000
HazardClass  5.1
PackingGroup  I
Giftige Stoffe Daten 509-14-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizit?t Acute oral LD50 for rats 130 mg/kg, mice 375 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985).
IDLA 4 ppm
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Achtung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H271 Kann Brand oder Explosion verursachen; starkes Oxidationsmittel. Oxidierende Flüssigkeiten (Kapitel 2.13), Kategorie 1 (Ox. Liq. 1), H271 Oxidierende Flüssigkeiten (Kapitel 2.13), Kategorie 1 Achtung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS03.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P210, P220, P221, P280, P283,P306+P360, P371+P380+P375,P370+P378, P501
H301 Giftig bei Verschlucken. Akute Toxizit?t oral Kategorie 3 Achtung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS06.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P264, P270, P301+P310, P321, P330,P405, P501
H315 Verursacht Hautreizungen. Hautreizung Kategorie 2 Warnung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS07.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P264, P280, P302+P352, P321,P332+P313, P362
H319 Verursacht schwere Augenreizung. Schwere Augenreizung Kategorie 2 Warnung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS07.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P264, P280, P305+P351+P338,P337+P313P
H330 Lebensgefahr bei Einatmen. Akute Toxizit?t inhalativ Kategorie 1 Achtung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS06.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P260, P271, P284, P304+P340, P310,P320, P403+P233, P405, P501
H335 Kann die Atemwege reizen. Spezifische Zielorgan-Toxizit?t (einmalige Exposition) Kategorie 3 (Atemwegsreizung) Warnung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS07.jpg" width="20" height="20" />
H351 Kann vermutlich Krebs verursachen. Karzinogenit?t Kategorie 2 Warnung P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405,P501
Sicherheit
P210 Von Hitze, hei?en Oberfl?chen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellenarten fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.
P220 Von Kleidung und anderen brennbaren Materialien fernhalten.
P221 Mischen mit brennbaren Stoffen unbedingt verhindern.
P264 Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.
P264 Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.
P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.
P283 Schwer entflammbare / flammhemmende Kleidung tragen.
P302+P352 BEI BERüHRUNG MIT DER HAUT: Mit viel Wasser/... (Hersteller kann, falls zweckm??ig, ein Reinigungsmittel angeben oder, wenn Wasser eindeutig ungeeignet ist, ein alternatives Mittel empfehlen) waschen.
P305+P351+P338 BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach M?glichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.
P321 Besondere Behandlung
P332+P313 Bei Hautreizung: ?rztlichen Rat einholen/?rztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.
P362 Kontaminierte Kleidung ausziehen und vor erneutem Tragen waschen.

Tetranitromethan Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

FARBLOSE BIS GELBE ?LIGE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.

ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

TLV: 0.005 ppm (als TWA); Krebskategorie A3 (best?tigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Tier mit unbekannter Bedeutung für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: Hautresorption; Krebserzeugend Kategorie 2; (DFG 2005).

AUFNAHMEWEGE

Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation der D?mpfe und durch Verschlucken.

INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz reizt stark die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Inhalation des Dampfes kann zu Lungen?dem führen (s.Anm.). M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Blut mit nachfolgender Meth?moglobinbildung. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf Nieren, Leber und Lunge. ?rztliche Beobachtung notwendig. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verz?gert ein.

WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

M?glicherweise krebserzeugend für den Menschen.

LECKAGE

Belüftung. Zündquellen entfernen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Kunststoffbeh?ltern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. NICHT mit S?gemehl oder anderen brennbaren Absorptionsmitteln binden. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und D?mpfe.

R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

R8:Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.
R25:Giftig beim Verschlucken.
R26:Sehr giftig beim Einatmen.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.

S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

S17:Von brennbaren Stoffen fernhalten.
S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).

Beschreibung

Tetranitromethane (TNM) is a nitroalkane compound that is a colorless to pale-yellow liquid or solid (below 57 F) with a biting, pungent odor at room temperature. TNM is not known to occur as a natural product and is generated during the manufacture of trinitrotoluene (TNT) as an undesired byproduct that can be separated by means of its higher vapor pressure. It can be prepared by different reactions, the nitration of acetic anhydride or acetylene with nitric acid being the less problematic. It was synthesized in large amounts (as an industrial-scale production) for the first time in Germany during World War II during the development of the V2 rocket for use as a substitute for nitric acid in rocket fuel and due to the observation that its addition to diesel fuel increased the cetane number. A pilot-scale manufacture was set up by Nitroform Inc. (Newark, NJ, USA), but in 1953 was destroyed by an explosion. In 1994, TNM was produced by only one company in the United States and another one in Russia.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Tetranitromethane, a nitroparaffin, is a colorless to pale yellow liquid or solid with a pungent odor. It causes tears.

Physikalische Eigenschaften

Colorless to pale yellow to yellow-orange liquid with a pungent odor. Sensitive to heat, friction, and shock. Explosive in presence of impurities.

Verwenden

Reagent for nitration of enol silyl ethers7 and aromatic compounds.8 Employed in the photooxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.9

Allgemeine Beschreibung

A pale yellow liquid. Irritates skin and respiratory tract. Very toxic by inhalation. Difficult to ignite. Burns at a steady rate once ignited. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat containers may rupture violently and rocket Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

Air & Water Reaktionen

Highly Flammable. Insoluble in water.

Reaktivit?t anzeigen

Self-reactive. TETRANITROMETHANE is a weak, but highly sensitive explosive [Van Dolah 1967]. May decompose explosively if contaminated with combustible material. A propellant. Ignites upon contact with alcohols, amines, ammonia, beryllium alkyls, boranes, dicyanogen, hydrazines, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, nitroalkanes, powdered metals, silanes, or thiols [Bretherick 1979 p.174].

Hazard

Dangerous fire and explosion risk. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption. Eye and upper respiratory tract irritant. Upper respiratory tract cancer. Possible carcinogen.

Health Hazard

Acute effects include irritation of the eyes and respiratory passages and mild burns to the skin. After more prolonged inhalation, headache and respiratory distress may occur. After prolonged exposure, central nervous system, heart, liver, and kidney damage can occur as well as pulmonary edema.

Brandgefahr

Spontaneous chemical reaction may produce fire. Material is a strong oxidizer. The potential for explosion is severe, especially when exposed to heat or to powerful oxidizing or reducing agents; or when shocked or heated. TETRANITROMETHANE is more easily detonated than TNT. Impurities can also cause explosion. The material is highly sensitive; hydrocarbons exposed to TETRANITROMETHANE form exceedingly sensitive explosives. When heated to decomposition, TETRANITROMETHANE emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen. Shock will explode it. Avoid hydrocarbons, aluminum, toluene, cotton, aromatic nitro compounds, alkalis, metals and rubber. Avoid impurities, shock, heat, and reducing agents.

Sicherheitsprofil

Confirmed carcinogen with carcinogenic and neoplastigenic data. Poison by ingestion, inhalation, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Irritating to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and respiratory passages, and does serious damage to the liver. Mutation data reported. It occurs as an impurity in crude TNT, and is thought to be mainly responsible for the irritating properties of that material. It can cause pulmonary edema, mild methemoglobinemia, and fatty degeneration of the liver and hdneys. A powerful oxidizer. A very dangerous fire hazard. A severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to heat. May explode during distillation. Potentially explosive reaction with ferrocene, pyridine, sodium ethoxide. mxtures with amines (e.g., aniline) ignite spontaneously and may explode. Mixtures with cotton or toluene may explode when ignited. Forms sensitive and powerful explosive mixtures with nitrobenzene, l-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 1 -nitronaphthalene, other oxygen-deficient explosives, hydrocarbons. Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Incompatible with aluminum. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of NOx. Used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants and as an explosive. See also NITRATES; EXPLOSIVES, HIGH.

m?gliche Exposition

Tetranitromethane is used as a solvent for polymers and as a stabilizer; as an oxidizer in rocket propellant combinations. It is also used as an explosive in admixture with toluene.

Carcinogenicity

Tetranitromethane is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

Versand/Shipping

UN1510 Tetranitromethane, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 5.1-Oxidizer, Inhalation Hazard Zone B.

l?uterung methode

Shake tetranitromethane with dilute NaOH, wash, steam distil, dry with Na2SO4 and fractionally crystallise it by partial freezing. The melted crystals are dried with MgSO4 and fractionally distilled under reduced pressure. Alternatively, shake it with a large volume of dilute NaOH until no absorption attributable to the aci-nitro anion (from monodiand trinitromethanes) is observable in the water. Then wash it with distilled water, and distil it at room temperature by passing a stream of air or nitrogen through the liquid and condensing it in a trap at -80o. It can be dried with MgSO4 or Na2SO4, fractionally crystallised from the melt, and fractionally distilled under reduced pressure. [Liang Org Synth Coll Vol III 803 1955, Beilstein 4 H 80, 4 I 21, 4 II 45, 4 III 116, 4 IV 107.] Potentially explosive (when impure e.g. with toluene), toxic, carcinogenic.

Inkompatibilit?ten

Tetranitromethane is a powerful oxidizer. It is more easily detonated than TNT. Contact with hydrocarbons, alkalis, or metals form explosive mixtures. Contact with toluene or cotton may cause fire andexplosion. Combustible material wet with tetranitromethane may be highly explosive. The potential for explosion is severe, especially when exposed to heat, powerful oxidizers, or reducing agents; or, when subject to mild shock. Impurities can also cause explosives. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings.

Waste disposal

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Open burning at remote burning sites is not entirely satisfactory since it makes no provision for the control of the toxic effluents, nitrogen oxides and HCN. Suggested procedures are to employ modified closed pit burning, using blowers for air supply and passing the effluent combustion gases through wet scrubbers.

Tetranitromethan Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte

509-14-8(Tetranitromethan)Verwandte Suche:


  • NSC 16146
  • Methane,tetranitro-
  • NCI-C55947
  • Rcra waste number P112
  • rcrawastenumberp112
  • tetan
  • tetranitro-methan
  • tetranitromethane0
  • TETRANITROMETHANE
  • TNM
  • Methane,tetranitro-(R)
  • Tetranitromethane(R)
  • NYTOUQBROMCLBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • Tetranitromethane(Technical)
  • 509-14-8
  • CNO24
  • CN4O8
  • Building Blocks
  • Organic Building Blocks
  • Nitrogen Compounds
  • Nitro Compounds
  • Aromatic Hydrocarbons (substituted) & Derivatives
  • Building Blocks
  • Chemical Synthesis
  • Nitro Compounds
  • Nitrogen Compounds
  • Organic Building Blocks
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