Titantetrachlorid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSEBIS HELLGELBE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Chlorwasserstoff. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Wasser unter Hitzeentwicklung und Bildung ?tzender Rauche mit Chlorwasserstoff (s. ICSC-Nr. 0163). Bei Kontakt mit Luft Freisetzung von Salzs?ure. Greift viele Metalle in Gegenwart von Wasser an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation der D?mpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Nur ungenügende Angaben vorhanden über die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine gesundheitssch?dliche Konzentration in der Luft beim Verdampfen bei 20°C erreicht wird.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Flüssigkeit ver?tzt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. ?tzend beim Verschlucken. Inhalation des Dampfes kann zu Lungen?dem führen (s.Anm.). Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verz?gert ein. ?rztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf Lungeund Atmungsorgane mit nachfolgenden Funktionsst?rungen.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R67:D?mpfe k?nnen Schl?frigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
R65:Gesundheitssch?dlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungensch?den verursachen.
R63:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib m?glicherweise sch?digen.
R48/20:Gesundheitssch?dlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitssch?den bei l?ngerer Exposition durch Einatmen.
R34:Verursacht Ver?tzungen.
R14:Reagiert heftig mit Wasser.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R23:Giftig beim Einatmen.
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
R37:Reizt die Atmungsorgane.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S7/8:Beh?lter trocken und dicht geschlossen halten.
S62:Bei Verschlucken kein Erbrechen herbeiführen. Sofort ?rztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder dieses Etikett vorzeigen.
S46:Bei Verschlucken sofort ?rztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder Etikett vorzeigen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
Chemische Eigenschaften
Description: Titanium tetrachloride is a noncombustible, colorless to light yellow liquid that fumes in air. Penetrating acrid odor.
Verwenden
Titanium tetrachloride is used as an intermediate in the
manufacture of titanium metal, titanium dioxide, titanous
chloride pigments, iridescent glass, and artificial pearls and as
a starting material for a variety of organic and inorganic titanium
compounds. It is also used as a dye, a polymerization
catalyst, and as a catalyst in many organic syntheses because of it acidity and oxophilicity in many applications in the chemical
industry. Titanium tetrachloride was formerly used as a smokeproducing
screen with ammonia for the military; however, due
to its extremely irritating and corrosive qualities in both liquid
and smoke formulation, military applications are rarely used.
The conversion of tetrachloride to titanium metal takes
place by the reduction of chloride with magnesium which
yields titanium metal and magnesium chloride and is referred
to as the Kroll process after its inventor:
2 Mg + TiCl4→2 MgCl2 + Ti
Vorbereitung Methode
TiCl4 is used in TiO2 production, the manufacture of artificial
pearls and iridescent glass, and, by the military, to create
smoke screens.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Very toxic by inhalation.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Titanium tetrachloride acts as an acid in aqueous solution. During the reduction of Titanium tetrachloride to titanium metal with potassium, an explosion occurred. The system had been heated to 90°C [Walter and Mandell 1967]. Addition directly to tetrahydrofuran caused a violent exothermic reaction [Inorg. Syn., 1982, 21, 135]. Ethylene can polymerize at low pressure if catalyzed by titanium halides. (Sundaram, K. M, M. M. Shreehan, E. F. Olszewski. thylene. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2001.)
Hazard
Toxic by inhalation, strong irritant to skin
and tissue.
Health Hazard
Titanium tetrachloride is a highly corrosive, acute irritant to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and the respiratory tract. It is capable of causing death or permanent injury due to exposures encountered in normal use. Even short contact may lead to eye inflammation which may result in corneal opacities.
Brandgefahr
Material will react with water to produce hydrochloric acid. Titanium tetrachloride may ignite other combustible materials (e.g., wood, oil, etc.). Flammable, poisonous gases may accumulate in tanks and hopper cars. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Reacts strongly with water to release hydrochloric acid and heat. Avoid water, moist air. Stable in concentrated aqueous solutions. Avoid contact with moisture; the chemical absorbs moisture from air and evolves dense white fumes.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by inhalation. A
corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous
membranes. When heated to decomposition
it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also
TITANIUM COMPOUNDS.
m?gliche Exposition
Used in the manufacture of titanium salts; mordant dye; titanium pigments; and used as a chemical intermediate for titanium metal; titanium dioxide; as an agent in smoke screens; polymerization catalyst; and iridescent agent in glass and pearl manufacturing.
Carcinogenicity
Rats exposed to 10 mg TiCl4/m
3 for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for
2 years developed rhinitis, tracheitis, hyperplasia, foamy dust
cell accumulation, and alveolar bronchiolization. In addition,
5/150 animals developed squamous cell carcinoma, compared
to 0/156 in the controls. Two of the squamous cell
carcinomas were described as cystic keratinizing lesions,
whose relevance to humans was questioned by the authors.
However, the remaining three squamous cell tumors were
described as microscopic, well-differentiated carcinomas. Therefore, TiCl4 may be regarded as potentially
carcinogenic in the rat.
Versand/Shipping
UN1838 Titanium tetrachloride, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 8-Corrosive material, Inhalation Hazard Zone B.
l?uterung methode
Reflux it with mercury or a small amount of pure copper turnings to remove the last traces of colour [due to FeCl3 and VCl4], then distil it under N2 in an all-glass system, taking precautions to exclude moisture. Clabaugh et al. [J Res Nat Bur Stand 55 261 1955] removed organic material by adding aluminium chloride hexahydrate as a slurry with an equal amount of water (the slurry being ca one-fiftieth the weight of TiCl4), refluxed it for 2-6hours while bubbling in chlorine, the excess of which is subsequently removed by passing a stream of clean dry air. The TiCl4 is then distilled, refluxed with copper and again distilled, taking precautions to exclude moisture. Volatile impurities are then removed using a technique of freezing, pumping and melting. The titanium tetrachloride 2-tetrahydrofuran complex [Beilstein 17/1 V 33.] M 333.9, has m 126-128o and is easier to handle than TiCl4 [Abrahamson et al. Organometallics 3 1379 1984]. [Baxter & Fertig J Am Chem Soc 45 1228 1923, Baxter & Butler J Am Chem Soc 48 3117 1926.] HARMFUL VAPOURS.
Inkompatibilit?ten
Violent reaction with water or steam, releasing heat and hydrogen chloride fumes. Contact with moist air releases hydrogen chloride. Attacks many metals in presence of moisture.
Titantetrachlorid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte