2,2-Dimethyl-3-methylen-norbornan,chloriertes Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
GELBER BIS BERNSTEINFARBENER WACHSARTIGER FESTSTOFF MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen, Verbrennen und/oder unter Einfluss von Alkali, starkem Sonnenlicht und Katalysatoren wie Eisen unter Bildung giftiger Rauche. Greift Eisen an. Unvertr?glich mit stark alkalischen Pestiziden.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 0,5 mg/m?(als TWA); 1 mg/m?(als STEL); Hautresorption; Krebskategorie A3 (best?tigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Tier mit unbekannter Bedeutung für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2008).
MAK: Hautresorption; Krebserzeugend Kategorie 2; (DFG 2008).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt leicht die Haut. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem mit nachfolgendem Zittern und Kr?mpfen. Exposition in hoher Konzentration kann zum Tod führen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
M?glicherweise krebserzeugend für den Menschen.
LECKAGE
NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Verschüttetes Material in abdichtbaren Beh?ltern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgf?ltig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R21:Gesundheitssch?dlich bei Berührung mit der Haut.
R25:Giftig beim Verschlucken.
R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gew?ssern l?ngerfristig sch?dliche Wirkungen haben.
R67:D?mpfe k?nnen Schl?frigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
R65:Gesundheitssch?dlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungensch?den verursachen.
R38:Reizt die Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Beh?lter sind als gef?hrlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S62:Bei Verschlucken kein Erbrechen herbeiführen. Sofort ?rztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder dieses Etikett vorzeigen.
S33:Ma?nahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
Chemische Eigenschaften
yellow waxy solid
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Yellow, waxy, nonflammable solid with a chlorine or terpene-like odor. Odor threshold
concentration from water is 140 μg/L (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992).
Verwenden
Toxaphene is an insecticide that contains over 200–700
chemicals and can exist as an yellow to amber solid or gas.
Heavily used in the United States until 1982, its use was
completely banned in 1990. Toxaphene was used primarily to
control insects on cotton crops in the southern United States; it
has also been used to control pests on livestock and to control
unwanted fish in aquatic environments. Reports have indicated
that fish are low metabolizers of toxaphene, whereas other
aquatic life such as snails can be extensive metabolizers, thus
reducing the toxicity of toxaphene to aquatic life other than fish
(Isensee et al., 1979).
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Yellow, waxy solid with a pleasant piney odor. Used as an insecticide, primarily for cotton and early growth stages of vegetables. Also peas, soybeans, peanut, corn, and wheat. Not produced commercially in the U.S. since 1982. Only registered for scabies control on cattle in the U.S.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
TOXAPHENE is decomposed by sunlight and heat. TOXAPHENE is decomposed in the presence of alkali. TOXAPHENE is corrosive to iron. TOXAPHENE is incompatible with strong oxidizers. TOXAPHENE is non corrosive in the absence of moisture.
Hazard
Carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Highly toxic by ingestion; moderately toxicby skin contact and inhalation; may causeskin irritation and allergic dermatitis; causedadverse reproductive effects in experimentalanimals; ingestion of about 1.5–3 g may befatal to adult human; toxic effects in animals include central nervous system stimulation, tremors, convulsions, and liver injury;oral LD50 value (rats): ～100 mg/kg: sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals,causing liver cancer; RCRA Waste Number P123.
LD50 oral (rat): 50 mg/kg
LD50 skin (rat): 600 mg/kg
Studies on the cancer risk assessment oftoxaphene in rodents have shown that itincreased incidence of neoplasms of endocrine organs, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal andmammary glands and reproductive systems(Buranatrevedth 2004).
Brandgefahr
Container may explode in heat of fire. Toxic vapors are generated when heated. Releases hydrochloric acid in the presence of alkali, on prolonged exposure to sunlight, and at temperatures above 311F. Avoid strong oxidizers, corrosive to iron.
Sicherheitsprofil
Confirmed carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic and
tumorigenic data. Human poison by
ingestion and possibly other routes.
Experimental poison by ingestion,
intraperitoneal, and possibly other routes.
Moderately toxic experimentally by
inhalation and skin contact. Human systemic
effects by ingestion and skin contact:
somnolence, convulsions or effect on
seizure threshold, coma, and allergic skin
dermatitis. A skin irritant; absorbed through
the skin. Experimental teratogenic and
reproductive effects. Human mutation data
reported. Liver injury has been reported.
Lethal amounts of toxaphene can enter the
body through the mouth, lungs, and skin.
Systemic absorption of the insecticide is
increased by the presence of lgestible oils,
and liquid preparations of the insecticide,
which penetrate the skin more readily than
do dusts and wettable powders.A toxic mixture of organochlorine
pesticides stored to some extent in body fat.
It resembles chlordane and, to some extent,
camphor in its physiological action. It causes
diffuse stimulation of the brain and spinal
cord resulting in generahzed convulsions of
a tonic or clonic character. Death usually
results from respiratory failure.
Detoxification appears to occur in the liver.
The lethal ingestion dose for humans is
estimated to be 2-7 g, a toxicity of about
four times that of DDT. At least seven
human deaths have been reported due to
toxaphene, all in chddren. Two families have
been made ill by eating vegetables
containing a large residue of toxaphene.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of Cl-.
Carcinogenicity
Toxaphene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
Environmental Fate
Soil. Under reduced soil conditions, about 50% of the C-Cl bonds were cleaved
(dechlorinated) by Fe2+ porphyrins forming two major toxicants having molecular formulas
C10H10Cl8 (Toxicant A) and C10H11Cl7 (Toxicant B). Toxicant A reacted with reduced
hematin yielding two reductive dechlorination products (C10H11Cl7), two dehydrodechlo-
rination products (C10H9Cl7) and two other products (C10H10Cl6). Similarly, products
formed from the reaction of Toxicant B with reduced hematin included two reductive
dechlorination products (C10H12Cl6), one dehydrochlorination product (C10H10Cl6) and two
products having the molecular formula C10H11Cl5 (Khalifa et al., 1976). The reported
dissipation rate of toxaphene from soil is 0.010/day (Seiber et al., 1979).
Photolytic. Dehydrochlorination will occur after prolonged exposure to sunlight releas-
ing hydrochloric acid (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1989). Two
compounds isolated from toxaphene, 2-exo,3-exo,5,5,6-endo,8,9,10,10-nonachlor
Chemical/Physical. Saleh and Casida (1978) demonstrated that Toxicant B (2,2,5-
endo,6-exo,8,9,10-heptachlorobornane), the most active component of toxaphene, under-
went reductive dechlorination at the geminal dichloro position yielding 2-endo,
Toxaphene will slowly undergo hydrolysis resulting in the loss of chlorine atoms and
the formation of hydrochloric acid (Kollig, 1993). The hydrolysis rate constant for tox-
aphene at pH 7 and 25°C was determined to be 8 × 10–6/hour, resulting in a half-life of
9.9 years (Ellington et al., 1987).
Emits toxic chloride fumes when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1990).
2,2-Dimethyl-3-methylen-norbornan,chloriertes Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
