BERGAMOT OIL Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
Chemische Eigenschaften
Bergamot oil, Italian is obtained by pressing peels from the unripe fruits
of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poit. [syn. Citrus aurantium L. ssp. bergamia
(Risso et Poit.) Wight et Arn., Rutaceae]. It is a green to greenish-yellow liquid,
which sometimes contains a deposit.The oil has a pleasant, fresh, sweet,
fruity odor.
d
2020 0.876–0.883; n
20D 1.4650–1.4700; α
20D +15 ° to +32 °; evaporation
residue: 4.5–6.4%; solubility: 1 vol in ≤1 vol 85% ethanol; acid value:
max. 2; ester value: 86–129; bergapten content by HPLC (high pressure
liquid chromatography): 0.18–0.38%.
The main producer of bergamot oil is Italy, where the fruits are grown
in the province of Calabria. Smaller quantities are available from Argentina
and the Ivory Coast.The quality of the oil is determined by its ester content.
Annual production is ± 100 t/yr.
Linalyl acetate (22–36%), linalool (3–15%), and geranial (0.25–0.5%) are
important components of bergamot oil. Its terpene hydrocarbon content
(25–50%) is relatively low for a citrus oil.
Use of the untreated oil in cosmetics is limited by the photosensitizing
properties of bergaptene (a furocoumarin) present in the oil.Therefore, this
compound is usually removed by distillation or extraction or a combination
of thesemethods; furocoumarin-free bergamot oil is used inmany
perfumes and is an important ingredient in eau de cologne. Bergamot oil is
also used in flavoring food (“Earl Grey tea”).
Physikalische Eigenschaften
It is a clear, mobile, yellowish-green liquid with a fragrant, sweet fruity odor. It is miscible with
alcohol and glacial acetic acid. It is soluble in most fixed oils, but is insoluble in glycerin and in propylene glycol. It may contain a
suitable antioxidant. Bergamot essential oil yields a concentrated oil by distillation under reduced pressure. Also, terpeneless and
sesquiterpeneless oils can be prepared from bergamot essential oil. A petitgrain bergamot is also manufactured by steam distillation
of the leaves and twigs.
Verwenden
bergamot oil (Citrus bergamia) is used as a perfuming ingredient in cosmetic products, it is also considered an antiseptic, calming, healing, and wound-healing. In addition, studies indicate benefit for treating fungal infections of the skin. Sun exposure after applying pure bergamot oil, or a compound with a high bergamot oil concentration to the skin, may cause hyperpigmentation and a skin rash. When used in perfumes, the photosensitizing properties of bergamot are responsible for the hyperpigmentation seen behind the ear and on the neck area near the ear. Manufacturers indicate that bergamot oil can be useful for treating acne, and oily and severely dry skins. The oil extracted from the rind of citrus fruits is referred to as bergamot orange. Its constituents include a-pinene, limonene, a-bergaptene, b-bisabolene, linlool, nerol, geraniol, and a-terpineol.
synthetische
By rectification of bergamot oil expressed, under vacuum, to remove completely the furocoumarins and other related non-volatile residues.
Essential oil composition
Bergamot oil is a complex mixture of more than 300 compounds. The most prevalent compounds
are linalyl acetate (30 to 60%), linalool (11 to 22%) and other alcohols.* Furocoumarins include bergapten (approximately 0.4%),
bergamottin, citropten and others. Rectified bergamot oil contains lower concentrations of terpenes and has no coumarins.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Produced and qualified by HWI pharma services GmbH.
Exact content by quantitative NMR can be found on the certificate.
Sicherheitsprofil
Mildly toxic by ingestion. A mildskin irritant and allergen. Combustible. When heated todecomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
BERGAMOT OIL Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
