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Cyanogenchlorid

Cyanogen chloride  Struktur
506-77-4
CAS-Nr.
506-77-4
Bezeichnung:
Cyanogenchlorid
Englisch Name:
Cyanogen chloride
Synonyma:
Chlorcyan;Chlorocyan;Cyan chloride;chlorocyanogen;Chloro cyanide;Chlorine cyanide;Cyanogen chloride;RCRA waste number P-033;carbononitridic chloride;Cyanogen chloride ((CN)Cl)
CBNumber:
CB0851903
Summenformel:
CClN
Molgewicht:
61.47
MOL-Datei:
506-77-4.mol

Cyanogenchlorid Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
-6°
Siedepunkt:
14°C
Dichte
1.186
Dampfdruck
60kPa at 0℃
L?slichkeit
soluble in H2O, ethanol, ethyl ether
Aggregatzustand
colorless gas
Farbe
colorless vol liquid or gas
Wasserl?slichkeit
soluble H2O, ether, alcohol [MER06]
Expositionsgrenzwerte
Ceiling limit 0.7 mg/m3 (0.3 ppm) (ACGIH).
LogP
0.64 at 20℃
CAS Datenbank
506-77-4
NIST chemische Informationen
Cyanogen chloride(506-77-4)
EPA chemische Informationen
Cyanogen chloride (506-77-4)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserkl?rung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gef?hrlicher T
RIDADR  UN 1589
OEL Ceiling: 0.3 ppm (0.6 mg/m3)
HazardClass  2.3
Giftige Stoffe Daten 506-77-4(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizit?t CK may polymerize violently if contaminated with hydrogen chloride or ammonium chloride. Upon heating, it decomposes, producing toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrogen cyanide, hydrochloric acid, and nitrogen oxides. Hazardous polymerization can occur. Cyanogen chloride will react slowly with water to form hydrogen chloride gas. It acts on the body in two ways. Systemic effects of CK are much like those of hydrogen cyanide. Additionally, it causes irritation of the eyes, upper respiratory tract, and lungs. Eye irritation results in tearing. CK, like AC, stimulates the respiratory system and rapidly paralyzes it. Exposure is followed by immediate, intense irritation of the nose, throat, and eyes, with coughing, tightness in the chest, and lacrimation. This is followed by dizziness and increasing difficulty breathing. Unconsciousness comes next, with failing respiration and death within a few minutes. Convulsions, retching, and involuntary urination and defecation may occur. If these effects are not fatal, the signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema may develop. There may be repeated coughing, with profuse foamy sputum, rales in the chest, severe dyspnea, and distinct cyanosis. Recovery from the systemic effects is usually as prompt as in AC poisoning. However, a higher incidence of residual damage to the central nervous system should be expected. Based upon the concentration of the cyanogen chloride to which the victim has been exposed, the pulmonary effects may evolve instantly or may be delayed until the systemic effects have subsided. Consequently, early prognosis must be cautious.
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Achtung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H280 Enth?lt Gas unter Druck; kann bei Erw?rmung explodieren. Gase unter Druck verflüssigtes Gas Warnung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS04.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P410+P403
H314 Verursacht schwere Ver?tzungen der Haut und schwere Augensch?den. ?tzwirkung auf die Haut Kategorie 1B Achtung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS05.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P260,P264, P280, P301+P330+ P331,P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340,P310, P321, P305+ P351+P338, P405,P501
H319 Verursacht schwere Augenreizung. Schwere Augenreizung Kategorie 2 Warnung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS07.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P264, P280, P305+P351+P338,P337+P313P
H400 Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen. Kurzfristig (akut) gew?ssergef?hrdend Kategorie 1 Warnung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS09.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P273, P391, P501
Sicherheit
P260 Dampf/Aerosol/Nebel nicht einatmen.
P264 Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.
P264 Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.
P273 Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.
P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.
P301+P330+P331 BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Mund ausspülen. KEIN Erbrechen herbeiführen.
P305+P351+P338 BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach M?glichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.
P391 Verschüttete Mengen aufnehmen.
P410+P403 Vor Sonnenbestrahlung schützen. An einem gut belüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
P501 Inhalt/Beh?lter ... (Entsorgungsvorschriften vom Hersteller anzugeben) zuführen.

Cyanogenchlorid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

FARBLOSES KOMPRIMIERTES FLüSSIGGAS MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.

PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN

Das Gas ist schwerer als Luft.

CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger und ?tzender Rauche (Cyanwasserstoff, Salzs?ure, Stickstoffoxide). Reagiert langsam mit Wasser oder Wasserdampf unter Bildung von Chlorwasserstoff.

ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

TLV: 0,3 ppm (als STEL, ceiling) (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: IIb (MAK nicht festgelegt, aber Informationen vorhanden) (DFG 2008).

AUFNAHMEWEGE

Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation.

INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

Eine gesundheitssch?dliche Konzentration des Gases in der Luft wird beim Entweichen aus dem Beh?lter sehr schnell erreicht.

LECKAGE

Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Belüftung. Wasserstrahl NIEMALS auf die Flüssigkeit richten. Dampfwolke mit feinem Wassersprühstrahl niederschlagen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabh?ngigem Atemschutzger?t.

Beschreibung

Cyanide poisoning was first reported with the effects of extract of bitter almonds; then cyanide was identified and isolated from cherry laurel. Cyanogen chloride was first prepared in 1787 by the action of chlorine upon hydrocyanic acid (aka prussic acid) and was called ‘oxidized prussic acid.’ The correct formula for cyanogen chloride was first established in 1815. Cyanogen chloride was used in World War I in 1916.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Cyanogen chloride is a colorless gas or liquid (below 55℃ F/13℃ ) with a pungent, irritating odor. Shipped as a liquefied gas. A solid below—6℃ .

History

Cyanogen chloride (CK) is a very volatile compound, but is less a fire or explosive hazard than hydrogen cyanide and therefore logistically speaking less problematic. (Industry has found cyanogen chloride the preferred reactant in processes to make synthetic rubber). Reportedly, France combined hydrocyanic acid with cyanogen chloride in World War I ("manguinite"). The use of cyanogen chloride in this mixture was intended as an irritant to make soldiers remove their masks, exposing themselves to these very toxic gases. Cyanogen chloride was also combined with arsenic trichloride later on in the war. Like hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen chloride tends to spontaneously polymerize and therefore was combined with stabilizers (sodium pyrophosphate) for longer shelf life.

Verwenden

Cyanogen chloride is used in organic synthesis and as a military poisonous gas. Several benzene derivatives react with chloramine or with hypochlorous acid in the presence of ammonium ion to form cyanogen chloride (Maeda et al. 1987).

Vorbereitung Methode

Cyanogen chloride is produced by the action of chlorine on moist sodium cyanide suspended in carbon tetrachloride and kept cooled to -3°C, followed by distillation.

Allgemeine Beschreibung

A colorless gas or liquid with a strong acrid/pungent odor. Boils at 60°F. Liquid density 10.0 lb / gal. Shipped as a liquid confined under its own vapor pressure. A highly toxic lachrymator. Has been used as a tear gas. Vapor is heavier than air. Prolonged exposure of the container to fire or intense heat may cause violent rupturing and rocketing.

Air & Water Reaktionen

Soluble in water. Very slow reaction with water to form hydrogen cyanide.

Reaktivit?t anzeigen

CYANOGEN CHLORIDE may trimerize violently to form cyanuric chloride, catalyzed by hydrogen chloride or ammonium chloride. Reacts exothermically with alkenes and alkynes. Benzene and cyanogen halides yield HCl as a byproduct (Hagedorn, F. H. Gelbke, and Federal Republic of Germany. 2002. Nitriles. In Ullman Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.).

Hazard

Cyanogen chloride becomes volatile as temperatures increase, and the DOT lists it as a 2.3 poison gas. The NFPA 704 designation for CK is estimated to be health 4, flammability 0,reactivity 2, and special ?0. Cyanogen chloride vapors are highly toxic. It has a four-digit UN identification number of 1589 (inhibited). Treatment for either AC or CK poisoning is to follow the treatment protocols for airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) and administer oxygen to assist breathing. Instructions for administration and dosage should be based on local protocols and with the advice of a physician. Sodium nitrate is administered to produce methemoglobin, thus seizing the cyanide on the methemoglobin. The sodium thiosulfate combines with the confiscated cyanide to form thiocyanate, which is then excreted from the body.

Health Hazard

Cyanogen chloride is a highly poisonous compound and a severe irritant. In humans, exposure to 1 ppm for 10 minutes caused severe irritation of eyes and nose. Irritation of respiratory tract is followed by hemorrhage of the bronchi and trachea, as well as pulmonary edema.
The toxicity of cyanogen chloride is attributed to its relatively easy decomposition to cyanide ion in an aqueous medium. The cyanide attacks the cells in the body and interferes with the cellular metabolism. Tests on rats indicated that exposure to cyanogen chloride caused lacrimation and chronic pulmonary edema and somnolence. At a high concentration of 300 ppm, death occurred to the test animals. Inhalation of 48 ppm for 30 minutes was fatal to humans. In animals, subcutaneous intakes of 5 and 15 mg/kg were lethal to both dogs and rabbits.
Chronic exposure to cyanogen chloride can cause conjunctivitis and edema of the eyelid.

Brandgefahr

Not flammable. POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED WHEN HEATED IN FIRE. Overheated containers can explode.

Sicherheitsprofil

Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, and possibly other routes. Toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lachrymation, conjunctiva irritation, and chronic pulmonary edema or congestion. A primary irritant. A severe human eye irritant. An insecticide. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam, it will react to produce highly toxic and corrosive fumes of Cl-, CN-, and NOx. See also other cyanogen entries, CYANIDE, and CHLORIDES.

m?gliche Exposition

Cyanaogen chloride is used as a fumi- gant, metal cleaner; in ore refining; production of synthetic rubber and in chemical synthesis. CK is used as a military poison gas (blood agent). It forms cyanide in the body.

Environmental Fate

The primary effect of cyanide poisoning results from the inhibition of the metal-containing enzymes, specifically, cytochrome oxidase a3 (containing iron) within the mitochondria. Cyanide poisons the mitochondrial electron transport chain within cells and renders the body unable to derive energy (ATP) from oxygen, therefore causing rapid death. Other mechanisms include pulmonary arteriolar and/or coronary vasoconstriction that results in cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema. Cyanide can also directly stimulate chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery, causing hyperpnea.

Versand/Shipping

UN1589 Cyanogen chloride, stabilized, Hazard Class: 2.3; Labels: 2.3-Poisonous gas, 8-Corrosive material Inhalation Hazard Zone A. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written per- mission of the owner. Military driver shall be given full and complete information regarding shipment and condi- tions in case of emergency. AR 50-6 deals specifically with the shipment of chemical agents. Shipments of agent will be escorted in accordance with AR 740-32.

Inkompatibilit?ten

CK is incompatible with; or, may react with most basic and acidic solvents. CK reacts slowly with water or water vapor forming toxic hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen chloride. Cyanogen chloride may polymerize vio- lently if contaminated with chlorine. CK is unstable; it may be stabilized (i.e., inhibited) to prevent polymerization. In crude form CK trimerizes violently if catalyzed by traces of hydrogen chloride or ammonium chloride. Contact with alcohols, acids, acid salts; amines, strong alkalis; olefins, and strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosion. Heat causes decomposition producing toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrogen cyanide, hydrochloric acid, nitrogen oxides. Reacts slowly with water or water vapor, forming hydrogen chloride. Attacks copper, brass, and bronze in the presence of moisture.

Waste disposal

Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. React with strong calcium hypo- chlorite solution for 24 hours, then flush to sewer with large volumes of water.

Cyanogenchlorid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte

506-77-4(Cyanogenchlorid)Verwandte Suche:


  • Cyanogen chloride ((CN)Cl)
  • Chlorcyan
  • Chlorine cyanide
  • Chlorocyan
  • chlorocyanogen
  • Cyanogen chloride
  • Chloro cyanide
  • Cyan chloride
  • RCRA waste number P-033
  • carbononitridic chloride
  • QPJDMGCKMHUXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • 506-77-4
  • 506774
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