Oxals?uredinitril Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSES GAS ODER KOMPRIMIERTES FLüSSIGGAS MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Das Gas ist schwerer als Luft und kann sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung m?glich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Beim Verbrennen Bildung von giftigen Gasen mit Cyanwasserstoff, Kohlenmonoxid und Stickoxiden. Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Das Gas reagiert mit S?uren unter Bildung hochgiftiger Gase wie Cyanwasserstoff.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 10 ppm (als TWA); (ACGIH 2008).
MAK: 5 ppm 11 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); Hautresorption; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe D (DFG 2008).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Eine gesundheitssch?dliche Konzentration des Gases in der Luft wird beim Entweichen aus dem Beh?lter sehr schnell erreicht.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Atemwege. Schnelle Verdampfung kann zu Erfrierungen führen. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem mit nachfolgendem Atemversagen und Kollaps. Exposition weit oberhalb der Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte kann zum Tod führen.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Belüftung. Zündquellen entfernen. Wasserstrahl NIEMALS auf die Flüssigkeit richten. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Gasdichter Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabh?ngigem Atemschutzger?t.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R23:Giftig beim Einatmen.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gew?ssern l?ngerfristig sch?dliche Wirkungen haben.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Beh?lter sind als gef?hrlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Cyanogen is a colorless, flammable, com-
pressed liquefied gas at room temperature. At deadly levels
only, it has a pungent, almond-like odor.
Verwenden
Cyanogen is used as a fumigant, as a fuel gas for welding and cutting metals, as a propellant, and in organic synthesis. It occurs in blast-furnace gases. It is also known to occur at varying concentrations in cassava flour consumed in northern Mozambique.
Vorbereitung Methode
Cyanogen can be prepared by slowly dropping potassium
cyanide solution into copper sulfate solution or by heating
mercury cyanide.
Definition
cyanogen: A colourless gas, (CN)
2,with a pungent odour; soluble inwater, ethanol, and ether; d. 2.335g dm–3; m.p. –27.9°C; b.p. –20.7°C.The compound is very toxic. It maybe prepared in the laboratory byheating mercury(II) cyanide; industriallyit is made by gas-phase oxidationof hydrogen cyanide using air over asilver catalyst, chlorine over activatedsilicon(IV) oxide, or nitrogendioxide over a copper(II) salt.Cyanogen is an important intermediatein the preparation of various fertilizersand is also used as a stabilizerin making nitrocellulose. It is an exampleof a pseudohalogen.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless gas with an odor of almonds. Freezes at -28°C and boils at -20.7°C. Shipped as a liquid confined under its vapor pressure. The gas is heavier than air and a flame can travel back to the source of leak very easily. Prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat may cause the containers to violently rupture and rocket. Used to make other chemicals, as a fumigant, and as a rocket propellant.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Soluble in water and slowly decomposed by water to oxalic acid and ammonia.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Colorless, flammable, highly toxic gas. CYANOGEN can react explosively with strong oxidants (dichlorine oxide, fluorene, oxygen, ozone). When heated to decomposition or on contact with acids, acid fumes, water or steam CYANOGEN will react to produce deadly hydrogen cyanide gas and oxides of nitrogen [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 945].
Health Hazard
Cyanogen is a highly poisonous gas having toxic symptoms similar to those of HCN. Acute exposure can result in death by asphyxia. The toxic routes are inhalation and percutaneous absorption. At sublethal concentrations the symptoms of acute toxicity are nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, and weakness.
Rats exposed to cyanogen exhibited toxic symptoms of respiratory obstruction, lacrimation, and somnolence. Exposure to 350 ppm for 1 hour caused death to 50% of test animals. In humans, exposure to 16 ppm for 5 minutes produced irritation of eyes and nose. Toxicity of cyanogen is considerably lower than that of HCN. Lethal dose in test animals from subcutaneous injection varied between 10 and 15 mg/kg. Ernesto et al. (2002) have reported persistent konzo epidemics and subclinical upper motor neuron damage along with an elevated urinary thiocyanate concentration in school children in Mozambique who were exposed to high cyanogen concentrations from cassava flour.
A subchronic toxicity study conducted on male rhesus monkeys and male albino rats exposed over a period of 6 months (6 hours/day, 5 days/week) indicated marginal toxicity of cyanogen at 25 ppm (Lewis et al. 1984). Total lung moisture content and body weights were significantly lower. The odor threshold level for cyanogen is about 250 ppm.
Brandgefahr
Highly flammable, burns with a purpletinged flame; vapor density 1.8 (air = 1); the vapor may travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and flash back; fireextinguishing procedure: use a water spray to fight fire and keep fire-exposed containers cool; shut off the flow of gas.
Cyanogen forms an explosive mixture with air within the range of 6.6–32%. Liquid cyanogen can explode when mixed with liquid oxygen. When mixed with an acid or water or when heated to decomposition, it produces toxic fumes.
Sicherheitsprofil
: A poison by
subcutaneous and possibly other routes.
Moderately toxic by inhalation. Human
systemic effects by inhalation: damage to the
olfactory nerves and irritation of the
conjunctiva. A systemic irritant by inhalation
and subcutaneous routes. A human eyeirritant. Very dangerous fire hazard when
exposed to heat, flames (sparks), or
oxidizers. To fight fire, stop flow of gas.
Potentially explosive reaction with powerful
oxidants (e.g., dichlorine oxide, fluorine,
oxygen, ozone). When heated to
decomposition or on contact with acid, acid
fumes, water, or steam will react to produce
highly toxic fumes of NOx and CN-. See
also other cyanogen entries and CYANIDE.
m?gliche Exposition
Cyanogen is currently used as an
intermediate in organic syntheses; at one time, it was used
in poison gas warfare.
Lager
Cyanogen is stored outside or in a detached area: cool, dry, and well ventilated, and isolated from acid, acid fumes, and water. It is shipped in high-pressure metal cylinders of.
Versand/Shipping
UN1026 Cyanogen, Hazard Class: 2.3; Labels:
2.3-Poisonous gas, 2.1-Flammable gas, Inhalation Hazard
Zone B. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright
position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder and
labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed
gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law
(49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of
transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders
without the express written permission of the owner.
Inkompatibilit?ten
Chemically unstable in rising tempera-
tures. May form explosive mixture with air. Explosive reac-
tion with strong oxidizers (e.g., dichlorine oxide, fluorine).
Forms toxic gases on contact with acids, including hydro-
gen cyanide. Slowly hydrolyzed in water to form hydrogen
cyanide, oxalic acid, and ammonia.
Waste disposal
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier. Incineration; oxides, or nitrogen
are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or ther-
mal devices.
Oxals?uredinitril Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
