Dibenzoylperoxid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEISSE KRISTALLE ODER PULVER.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 5 mg/m?(als TWA) Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 5 mg/m?(Einatembare Fraktion); Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor I(1); (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Aerosols.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine gesundheitssch?dliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden, vor allem als Pulver.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Kontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen bei gro?en Mengen verschütteten Materials! Zündquellen entfernen. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen. NICHT mit S?gemehl oder anderen brennbaren Absorptionsmitteln binden.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R8:Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R43:Sensibilisierung durch Hautkontakt m?glich.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
R2:Durch Schlag, Reibung, Feuer oder andere Zündquellen explosionsgef?hrlich.
R7:Kann Brand verursachen.
R1:In trockenem Zustand explosionsgef?hrlich.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gew?ssern l?ngerfristig sch?dliche Wirkungen haben.
R21/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich bei Berührung mit der Haut und beim Verschlucken.
R62:Kann m?glicherweise die Fortpflanzungsf?higkeit beeintr?chtigen.
R50:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen.
R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib sch?digen.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S17:Von brennbaren Stoffen fernhalten.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Beh?lter sind als gef?hrlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S3/7:Beh?lter dicht geschlossen halten und an einem kühlen Ort aufbewahren.
S14:Von . . . fernhalten (inkompatible Substanzen sind vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S47:Nicht bei Temperaturen über . . . °C aufbewahren (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S35:Abf?lle und Beh?lter müssen in gesicherter Weise beseitigt werden.
S7:Beh?lter dicht geschlossen halten.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Benzoyl Peroxide may affect workers in the electronics and plastics (epoxy resins and catalysts) industries, electricians,
ceramic workers, dentists and dental technicians,
laboratory technicians and bakers. As it was
contained in candles, it also induced contact dermatitis
in a sacristan. However, some positive tests are of
unknown occupational relevance.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Benzoyl peroxide is an odorless, white, or colorless crystalline powder with a faint odor of benzaldehyde resulting from the interaction of benzoyl chloride and a cooled sodium peroxide solution. It is used in specified cheeses at 0.0002% of milk level. It is also used for the bleaching of flour, slowly decomposing to exert its full bleaching action, which results in whiter flour and bread. The major decomposition product of benzoyl peroxide in water was benzoic acid, but trace amounts of phenyl benzoate, phenol, and hydroxybenzoic acids were formed. When carbon-14 la- beled benzoyl peroxide was reacted with whey, the same compounds were produced.
Verwenden
Benzoyl Peroxide is a widely used organic compound of the peroxide family. It is used as a source offree radicals in many organic syntheses andto initiate polymerizations of styrene, vinylchloride, vinyl acetate, and acrylics; to curethermoset polyester resins and silicone rubbers;in medicine for treating acne; and forbleaching vegetable oil, cheese, flour, and fats.
Indications
Benzoyl peroxide is a potent oxidizing agent that has
both antimicrobial and comedolytic properties; its primary
use is in treating acne vulgaris. It is converted in
the skin to benzoic acid; clearance of absorbed drug is
rapid, and no systemic toxicity has been observed. The
major toxicities are irritation and contact allergy.
Outgrowth of bacteria resistant to topical antibiotics
used to treat acne can be reduced by the addition of benzoyl
peroxide in combination products such as erythromycin
(Benzamycin) and clindamycin (Benzaclin).
Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO)
Benzoyl peroxide slowly releases oxygen and hence is
bactericidal. It is also keratolytic, antiseborrheic and irritant. It is used in the
treatment of acne. Benzoyl peroxide is listed in the WHO Model List of Essential
Drugs.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Benzoyl peroxide appears as odorless white powder or granules. moderately toxic. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Benzoyl peroxide reacts exothermically withstrong acids, strong bases, amines, reducingagents, and sulfur compounds. Explosionshave been reported when it reacted withcarbon tetrachloride and ethylene (Bolt andJoyce 1947), lithium aluminum hydride(Sutton 1951), N,N-dimethyl aniline (Hornerand Betzel 1953), hot chloroform (NFPA1986), and methyl methacrylate (NFPA1986). Lappin (1948) reported an explosionwhen a bottle was opened. Organic matterentrapped in the threads of the bottleprobably reacted explosively with benzoylperoxide.
Hazard
Highly toxic via inhalation. May explode
spontaneously when dry (<1% of water). Never mix
unless at least 33% water is present. Skin and upper
respiratory tract irritant. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
The health hazard from benzoyl peroxideis low. It can cause irritation of the skin,mucous membranes, and eyes. An intraperitonealinjection of 250 mg/kg was lethal toadult mice. Systemic toxicity in humans isnot known. It may be mild to moderatelytoxic on an acute basis. The oral LD
50 valuein rats is 7710 mg/kg (NIOSH 1986). Itstoxicity from inhalation is low; an LC50 valueof 700 ppm in mice is suggested (ACGIH1986).
Benzoyl peroxide may cause gene damageand DNA inhibition. It has been foundto cause skin tumor. The evidence of its carcinogenicityin animals and humans is inadequate.
Brandgefahr
Benzoyl peroxide can cause a major fire
and explosion hazard. It is highly flammable
and a strong oxidizer; autoignition temperature
80°C (176°F). It ignites instantly. The
rate and violence of decomposition and the
potential ease of such ignition or decomposition
have been experimentally measured
by Noller et al. (1964). Lead pipe deformation
(LPD), pressure vessel test (PVT), and
self-accelerating decomposition test (SADT)
have been performed to measure these explosive
characteristics. Heating 5 g of benzoyl
peroxide in an aluminum tester containing an
aperture vent and 6-atm rupture disk, caused
the disk to blow up in 95 seconds when the
aperture vent area was less than 174.7 mm
2.
Redried material was more violent. The
decomposition hazard was greatly reduced
with wet and diluted benzoyl peroxide.
Noller et al. (1964) measured the SADT
temperature at 82.2°C (180°F), above which
the decomposition was self-accelerating, sudden,
and produced smoke.
Benzoyl peroxide is a deflagrant, posing
a severe explosion hazard. The compound
is sensitive to heavy shock, such as impact
or blows, as well as to friction and heat.
Especially in the dry state, it is highly
dangerous.
A water sprinkler should be used to extinguish
fires. Water should be used to keep the
containers cool.
Kontakt-Allergie
Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizing agent widely
employed in acne topical therapy. It is also used as a
polymerization catalyst of dental or industrial plastics
and as a decolorizing agent of flours, oils, fats, and
waxes. Irritant or allergic dermatitis may affect workers
in the electronics and plastics (epoxy resins and
catalysts) industries, electricians, ceramic workers,
dentists and dental technicians, laboratory technicians,
bakers, and acne patients. As it was contained in candles,
it also induced contact dermatitis in a sacristan.
Patch tests may be irritant.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by intraperitoneal route.Can cause dermatitis, asthmatic effects, testicular atrophy,and vasodilation. An allergen and eye irritant. Humanmutation data reported. Questionable carcinogen withexperimental tumorigenic data. Moderate fire hazard by
m?gliche Exposition
Used as polymerization initiator, curing
agent, and cross-linking agent.
Carcinogenicity
When repeatedly applied to the
skin of mice, BPO was not carcinogenic . However,
benzoyl peroxide is a tumor promoter in mice and hamsters,
but has shown no complete carcinogenic or tumor-initiating
activity . There has been one controversial Japanese
report that was interpreted as BPO being a complete
carcinogen. However, when the data were critically evaluated,
it was found consistent with BPO acting as a skin tumor
promoter and not as a carcinogen. The International Agency
for Research on Cancer (IARC) has evaluated the carcinogenicity
of benzoyl peroxide. They classified it as Group 3.
This means there is limited or inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity
for animals and inadequate or absent information
for humans. In addition, there are other animals and in vitro
studies that continue to support the lack of carcinogenic or
mutagenic properties for BPO .
Lager
Benzoyl peroxide should be stored in acool and well-ventilated area, isolated fromother chemicals and free of heating andelectrical installations. Dry compound maybe shipped in polyethylene-lined paper bagsor fiber containers packed in wooden boxeso.
Versand/Shipping
UN3104 : Organic peroxide type C, solid, Hazard
Class: 5.2; Labels: 5.2—Organic peroxide, Technical
Name Required. UN3108 : Organic peroxide type E, solid, Hazard
Class: 5.2; Labels: 5.2—Organic peroxide, Technical
l?uterung methode
Dissolve benzoyl peroxide in CHCl3 at room temperature and precipitate it by adding an equal volume of MeOH or pet ether. Similarly it is precipitated from acetone by adding two volumes of distilled water. It has also been crystallised from 50% MeOH and from diethyl ether. Dry it under vacuum at room temperature for 24hours. Store it in a desiccator in the dark at 0o. When purifying in the absence of water it can be EXPLOSIVE, and operations should be done on a very small scale with adequate protection. Large amounts should be kept moist with water and stored in a refrigerator. [Kim et al. J Org Chem 52 3691 1987, Beilstein 9 IV 777.]
Inkompatibilit?ten
May explode when heated above melting
point, 103 C. A strong oxidizer. Extremely explosionsensitive
to heat, shock, friction, and concussion. May
explode or cause fire on contact with reducing agents; combustible
substances, organic substances, wood, paper, metal
powders, lithium aluminum hydride. Violent reaction with
alcohols, organic and inorganic acids, and amines.
Waste disposal
Pretreatment involves decomposition
with sodium hydroxide. The final solution of
sodium benzoate, which is very biodegradable, may be
flushed into the drain. Disposal of large quantities of solution
may require pH adjustment before release into the
sewer or controlled incineration after mixing with a
noncombustible material.
Dibenzoylperoxid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
sulfonic ion exchange membrane based on polypropylene/poly (ST-DVB)
the preparation and adsorption of poly (p-hydroxystyrene) adsorbents
Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate
Ethyl-4,6,6,6-tetrachlor-3,3-dimethylhexanoat
Perbenzoesure
4-Formylbenzonitril
3-BROMO-2-((CYCLOPROPYLAMINO)METHYL)BENZALDEHYDE
4-bromoisoindoline
Ozagrel
Ethyl 4-bromocrotonate
α-Brom-3-nitrotoluol
3-CYANOMETHYLPHENYLBORONIC ACID
POLYETHYLENE, CHLORINATED
POLY(VINYL ACETATE)
1,4-Bis(trichlormethyl)benzol
4-METHYL-2-OXO-2 H-CHROMENE-7-CARBALDEHYDE
4-Bromomethylbenzamide
5-BROMOISOINDOLINE
ETHOPERMETHRIN，95%
optical diskbase material modified PMMA copolymer
Polymaleic acid
2,5-DICHLOROTHIOPHENE-3-CARBONYL CHLORIDE
7-BROMOMETHYL-4-METHYL-CHROMEN-2-ONE
(4-FLUORO-PHENYL)-METHANESULFONYL CHLORIDE
ANION EXCHANGE RESIN 717
(3-FLUORO-PHENYL)-METHANESULFONYL CHLORIDE
2-(Bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide
N-CHLOROMETHYL-N-PHENYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE
Maleic acid-allyl alcohol copolymer
maleic anhydride-benzylethylene sulfonated acid copolyer
α,α'-Dibrom-p-xylol
METHYL ALPHA-BROMOPHENYLACETATE
Methyl 2-bromomethylbenzoate
4-(4-METHYLPIPERAZINOMETHYL)BENZOIC ACID
Flour improver
new Ni/carbonized resin catalyst
Anagrelide
Naled (ISO)
METHYL 2,5-DICHLOROTHIOPHENE-3-CARBOXYLATE
2,5-DICHLOROTHIOPHENE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID
