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Primidone is chemically and structurally similar to phenobarbital with the exception that the
carbonyl group on C2 is replaced by a methylene group. This modification leads to the production of a drug with strong anticonvulsant properties without expressed soporific effects.
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Crystalline Solid
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Primidone is mainly used for major attacks.
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ChEBI: A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.
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Odorless white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste. No acidic properties.
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Insoluble in water.
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Primidone is an amide. May react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. May react with strong reducing agents to form flammable gases. A very weak base. The Combustion generates toxic mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
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Flash point data for Primidone are not available; however, Primidone is probably combustible.
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Anticonvulsant.
Clinical Use
Primidone is the 2-deoxy derivative of phenobarbital and is approved by the U.S. FDA for initial or adjunctive
treatment of simple partial, complex partial, and tonic-clonic seizures. It is less effective against these types of seizures than is
phenytoin or CBZ, and it shares the antiseizure and sedative actions of phenobarbital. Although not approved for the purpose, it often is
used to treat benign familial tremor (essential tremor).
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As with phenobarbital, serious toxicity for primidone is rare, although it may cause disabling sedation, irritability, and
decreased mental functioning in a number of persons. Ataxia, dysphoria, idiosyncratic rash, leukopenia, agranulocytosis,
lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, and a systemic lupus erythematosus–like syndrome have been reported adverse effects for
primidone. Deficiencies of folic acid and of vitamins D and K are possible with long-term therapy of primidone, as is a folateresponsive megaloblastic anemia. Measurement of the complete blood cell count should be performed at 6-month intervals.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Human teratogenic
effects include developmental abnormalities
of the craniofacial area, skin and skin
appendages, and cardlovascular system.
Human reproductive effects: effects on
newborn, including unusual growth
statistics, drug dependence, physical and
other neonatal changes. Experimental
teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human
mutation data reported. An addictive drug.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of NOx. See also
BARBITURATES.
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