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Quecksilber

Mercury Struktur
7439-97-6
CAS-Nr.
7439-97-6
Bezeichnung:
Quecksilber
Englisch Name:
Mercury
Synonyma:
Hg;Hydrargyrum;Quecksilber;MERCURY METAL;Metallic mercury;Kwik;Rtec;Mercure;MERCURY;NA 2809
CBNumber:
CB7355066
Summenformel:
Hg
Molgewicht:
200.59
MOL-Datei:
7439-97-6.mol

Quecksilber Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
-38.9 °C
Siedepunkt:
356.6 °C(lit.)
Dichte
13.54
Dampfdichte
7 (vs air)
Dampfdruck
<0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
storage temp. 
Poison room
L?slichkeit
H2O: soluble
Aggregatzustand
Triple Distilled Liquid
Wichte
13.5 (20/4℃)
Geruch (Odor)
Odorless
Widerstand (resistivity)
95.8 μΩ-cm, 20°C
Wasserl?slichkeit
20–30μg/L in H2O; soluble in boiling H2SO4, HNO3 [KIR81] [HAW93]
Merck 
13,5925
Expositionsgrenzwerte
TLV-TWA 0.05 mg/m3 for Hg vapor, and 0.10 mg/m3, as Hg for alkyl mercury and inorganic compounds (ACGIH); ceiling 0.1 mg/m3 (OSHA); IDLH 28 mg/m3 (NIOSH).
Dielectric constant
1.0(148℃)
Stabilit?t:
Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, sodium thiosulfate, ammonium hydroxide.
InChIKey
QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Datenbank
7439-97-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC
3 (Vol. 58) 1993
EPA chemische Informationen
Mercury (7439-97-6)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserkl?rung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gef?hrlicher T,N,Xn,C,T+
R-S?tze: 25-48/21/22-51/53-50/53-33-23-20/21/22-34-36/37/38-23/24/25-48/23-26-61-52/53-36/38
S-S?tze: 7-45-60-61-36-36/37/39-26-36/37-53
RIDADR  UN 3289 6.1/PG 2
OEL STEL: 0.1 mg/m3
WGK Germany  3
RTECS-Nr. OV4550000
10
TSCA  Yes
HS Code  2805 40 90
HazardClass  8
PackingGroup  III
Giftige Stoffe Daten 7439-97-6(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizit?t LCLO inhal (rabbit)
29 mg/m3 (30 h)
PEL (OSHA)
0.1 mg/m3 (ceiling)
TLV-TWA (ACGIH)
0.025 mg/m3—skin
IDLA 10 mg Hg/m3
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Achtung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H330 Lebensgefahr bei Einatmen. Akute Toxizit?t inhalativ Kategorie 1 Achtung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS06.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P260, P271, P284, P304+P340, P310,P320, P403+P233, P405, P501
H372 Sch?digt bei Hautkontakt und Verschlucken die Organe bei l?ngerer oder wiederholter Exposition. Spezifische Zielorgan-Toxizit?t (wiederholte Exposition) Kategorie 1 Achtung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS08.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P260, P264, P270, P314, P501
H410 Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen mit langfristiger Wirkung. Langfristig (chronisch) gew?ssergef?hrdend Kategorie 1 Warnung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS09.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P273, P391, P501
Sicherheit
P201 Vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
P273 Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden.

Quecksilber Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

GERUCHLOSES, SCHWERES UND BEWEGLICHES, SILBERFARBENES FLüSSIGMETALL.

CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

Beim Erhitzen bilden sich giftige Rauche. Reagiert heftig mit Ammoniak und Halogenen. Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr! Greift Aluminium und viele andere Metalle unter Bildung von Amalgamen an.

ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

TLV: 0.025 mg/m?(als TWA); Hautresorption; Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 0.1 mg/m? Sensibilisierung der Haut; Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor: II(8); Krebserzeugend Kategorie: 3B; (DFG 2005).

AUFNAHMEWEGE

Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation der D?mpfe und über die Haut, auch als Dampf!

INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

Beim Verdampfen bei 20 °C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz reizt die Haut. Inhalation der D?mpfe kann zu Lungenentzündung führen. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf Zentralnervensystem und Nieren. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verz?gert ein. ?rztliche Beobachtung notwendig.

LECKAGE

Im Fall einer gro?en verschütteten Menge Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Belüftung. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit m?glichst in abdichtbaren nichtmetallischen Beh?ltern sammeln. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabh?ngigem Atemschutzger?t.

R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

R25:Giftig beim Verschlucken.
R48/21/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitssch?den bei l?ngerer Exposition durch Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gew?ssern l?ngerfristig sch?dliche Wirkungen haben.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gew?ssern l?ngerfristig sch?dliche Wirkungen haben.
R33:Gefahr kumulativer Wirkungen.
R23:Giftig beim Einatmen.
R20/21/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R34:Verursacht Ver?tzungen.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.

S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:

S7:Beh?lter dicht geschlossen halten.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Beh?lter sind als gef?hrlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.

Beschreibung

Elemental mercury, a silver-white metal, is also known ‘quicksilver’ or ‘hydrargyrum.’ Mercury has been discovered in Egyptian tombs dating as far back as 1500 BC. The chemical symbol, Hg, is derived from the Greek word hydrargyros, meaning ‘water silver.’ Mercury was known in antiquity and used by alchemists. Its neurological effects were recognized early, and its use in the hat-making trade gave rise to the phrase ‘mad as a hatter.’ Mercury has been used commercially and medically for centuries. In the past it was a common constituent of many medications, for example, it was used in the treatment of syphilis. Use of mercury has been drastically reduced in recent years. Within the twentieth century, mercury used to be in every physician’s or pharmacist’s armamentarium, for example, calomel was commonly used in infant teething powders in the 1930s and 1940s.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Mercury is a silvery, mobile, odorless, extremely heavy liquid , sometimes found native. Insoluble in hydrochloric acid; soluble in sulfuric acid upon boiling; readily soluble in nitric acid; insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether; soluble in lipids; extremely high surface tension.

History

The name of Hg derives from the Roman god “Mercury”, the nimble messenger of the gods, since the ancients used that name for the element, which was known from prehistoric times. The name mercury originated in 6th-century alchemy, in which the symbol of the planet was used to represent the metal; the chemical symbol Hg derives from the Latin hydrargyrum, “l(fā)iquid silver or quick silver.” Although its toxicity was recognized at an early date, its main application was for medical purposes.

Verwenden

Amalgams, catalyst, electrical apparatus, cathodes for production of chlorine and caustic soda, instruments (thermometers, barometers, etc.), mercury vapor lamps, extractive metallurgy, mirror coating, arc lamps, boilers, coolant, and neutron absorber in nuclear power plants.

Definition

Metallic element of atomic number 80, group IIB of the periodic table, aw 200.59, valences = 1,2; 4 stable isotopes and 12 artificially radioactive isotopes.

Vorbereitung Methode

Mercury is mined primarily in underground mines as the metal or as the red sulfide cinnabar (HgS). Like HgO, the sulfide decomposes at higher temperatures. Heating of the ore and condensation of the mercury vapor constitute a convenient procedure for reducing, extracting, and purifying mercury from its ore. In the United States, mercury is produced primarily from secondary sources; this involves recycling a variety of industrial waste products. A survey in 1980 conducted by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health suggested that about 70,000 workers were exposed to mercury and its compounds; the majority of these exposures involves mercury vapor. However, this number has probably already decreased considerably, and occupational mercury vapor exposure has now become fairly rare in industrialized countries. On the other hand, numbers of workers exposed to mercury vapor from informal mining in developing countries has increased disproportionally and is causing health risks to workers and their families, including children.

Allgemeine Beschreibung

An odorless, silvery metallic liquid. Insoluble in water. Toxic by ingestion, absorption and inhalation of the fumes. Corrosive to aluminum. Used as a catalyst in instruments, boilers, mirror coatings.

Reaktivit?t anzeigen

MERCURY forms an explosive acelylide when mixed with acetylene. Can form explosive compounds with ammonia (a residue resulting from such a reaction exploded when an attempt was made to clean MERCURY off a steel rod [Chem. Eng. News 25:2138. 1947]. Chlorine dioxide (also other oxidants, such as: chlorine, bromine, nitric acid, performic acid), and MERCURY explode when mixed [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:381. 1956]. Methyl azide in the presence of MERCURY is potentially explosive [Can. J. Chem. 41:1048. 1963]. Ground mixtures of sodium carbide and MERCURY can react vigorously [Mellor 5:848. 1946-47]. Ammonia forms explosive compounds with gold, MERCURY, or silver. (Eggeman, Tim. mmonia Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2001.).

Hazard

Central nervous system impairment, peripheral nervous system impairment, and kidney damage. (1) Mercury, metallic: Highly toxic by skin absorption and inhalation of fume or vapor, absorbed by respiratory and intestinal tract. FDA permits zero addition to

Health Hazard

Mercury is a non-specific toxin, attacking many of the body s systems. At low levels of exposure, symptoms are mainly related to nerve and brain function and include memory loss, mood instability, tremor, and other stress-like symptoms: poor coordination, headache, and visual and hearing problems. Recently, reproductive health has been shown to be affected, with abnormalities in menstrual cycle, poor outcome of pregnancy, and subfertility in both men and women. The immune system is also damaged by mercury exposure.

Brandgefahr

Behavior in Fire: Not flammable

Flammability and Explosibility

Mercury is not combustible.

Sicherheitsprofil

Poison by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: wakefulness, muscle weakness, anorexia, headache, tinnitus, hypermotihty, darrhea, liver changes, dermatitis, fever. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Human mutation data reported. Used in dental applications, electronics, and chemical synthesis. bromopropyne, alkynes + silver perchlorate, ethylene oxide, lithium, methylsilane + oxygen (explodes when shaken), peroxyformic acid, chlorine dioxide, tetracarbonylnickel + oxygen. May react with ammonia to form an explosive product. Mixtures with methyl azide are shockand spark-sensitive explosives. The vapor iptes on contact with boron diiodophosphide. Reacts violently with acetylenic compounds (e.g., acetylene, sodmm acetylide, 2-butyne-l,4 do1 + acid), metals (e.g., aluminum, calcium, potassium, sodium, rubidium, exothermic formation of amalgams), Cl2, ClO2, CH3N3, NazCz, nitromethane. Incompatible with methyl azide, oxidants. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Hg. See also MERCURY COMPOUNDS.

m?gliche Exposition

Mercury is used as a catalyst, in dental applications; and in pharmaceuticals; as a liquid cathode in cells for the electrolytic production of caustic and chlorine. It is used in electrical apparatus (lamps, rectifiers, and batteries) and in control instruments (switches, thermometers, and barometers)

Carcinogenicity

There is no conclusive evidence from epidemiological studies that mercury increases cancer risk in humans.12 In the few studies in which increases have been reported, concomitant exposure to other known carcinogens has confounded the results. The IARC has determined that there is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of mercury and mercury compounds.12 In animals there is inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity of metallic mercury and limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of mercuric chloride.

Environmental Fate

Mercury cycles through various environmental phases by exchange from ground to air and back again. Metallic and dimethylmercury, which are volatile, will be released as mercury vapor that can travel long distances before being redeposited. When found in surface waters and soils it will degas into the surrounding air where natural currents and winds spread the materials until they are deposited back on the surface waters and soils. The majority of mercury returned to the soil or water is by wet partition and accounts for almost all of the mercury found in lakes with no other input source. Inert mercury will deposit bound to particulates in aerosols. Once deposited, mercury must adsorb to soil or sediment particulates or be returned to the atmosphere. This cycle continues with a portion of the mercury revolatilizing into the atmosphere in each cycle.

Lager

Precautions should be taken to prevent spills of mercury because drops of the liquid metal can easily become lodged in floor cracks, behind cabinets, and equipment, etc., with the result that the mercury vapor concentration in the laboratory may then exceed the safe and allowable limits. Containers of mercury should be kept tightly sealed and stored in secondary containers (such as a plastic pan or tray) in a well-ventilated area. When breakage of instruments or apparatus containing significant quantities of Hg is possible, the equipment should be placed in a plastic tray or pan that is large enough to contain the mercury in the event of an accident. Transfers of mercury between containers should be carried out in a fume hood over a tray or pan to confine any spills.

Versand/Shipping

UN2809 Mercury, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, 6.1-Poisonous material

l?uterung methode

After air has been bubbled through mercury for several hours to oxidise metallic impurities, it is filtered to remove coarser particles of oxide and dirt, then sprayed through a 4-ft column containing 10% HNO3. It is washed with distilled water, dried with filter paper and distilled under vacuum. [Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p8 1963.]

Inkompatibilit?ten

Heating mercury causes the formation of toxic mercury oxide fumes. Reacts violently with alkali metals; acetylene, azides, ammonia gas; chlorine, chlorine dioxide; many acids; most metals; ground mixtures of sodium carbide, and ethylene oxide. Contact with methyl azide forms shock- and spark-sensitive explosives. Attacks copper and many other metals, forming amalgams

Waste disposal

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Accumulate for purification and re-use if possible. Mercury vapors may be adsorbed or treated with sulfide solutions and then sent to mercury recovery operations

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7439-97-6(Quecksilber)Verwandte Suche:


  • Blue mass
  • Blue pill
  • Colloidal mercury
  • colloidalmercury
  • elementalmercury
  • Kwik
  • Liquid silver
  • liquidsilver
  • Mercure
  • mercure(french)
  • Mercurio
  • Mercury mass
  • MERCURY ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION
  • MERCURY ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
  • MERCURY INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION STANDARD 3
  • MERCURY PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
  • MERCURY PLASMA EMISSION STANDARD
  • MERCURY, PLASMA STANDARD SOLUTION
  • MERCURY METALLO-ORGANIC STANDARD
  • MERCURY, NATURAL
  • MERCURY, OIL BASED STANDARD SOLUTION
  • MERCURY SINGLE ELEMENT PLASMA STANDARD
  • MERCURY SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD
  • MERCURY STANDARD
  • MERCURY STANDARD SOLUTION
  • MERCURY VKI STANDARD
  • MERCURY ICP/DCP STANDARD
  • MERCURY ICP/MS STANDARD
  • MERCURY ICP STANDARD
  • MERCURY NIST STANDARD SOLUTION
  • MERCURY AAS STANDARD SOLUTION, 1000PPM IN HNO3
  • MERCURY METAL EXTRA PURE WASHED 99.6+%
  • MERCURY AAS STANDARD SOLUTION, 1000PPM IN HCL
  • MERCURY 99.99%
  • MERCURY LIQUID 99.999999%
  • MERCURY GR ACS 99.9994% (METALS BASIS) POLAROGRAPHY
  • MERCURY REDISTILLED 99.999%
  • RED MERCURY IN LIQUID FORM ONLY
  • MERCURY, ELECTRONIC GRADE, 99.9999% METALS BASIS
  • MERCURY R. G., REAG. PH. EUR.
  • MERCURY EXTRA PURE
  • MERCURY 99.9995% A.C.S. REAGENT
  • Mercury, 99.99+% metals basis
  • MERCURY SOLID PELLET
  • Mercury, certified metal standard solution for atomic spectrometry
  • HG STANDARD
  • Mercuruy
  • Mercury metal 99.99+ % for analysis
  • Mercury solution 10 000 ppm
  • Mercury solution 1000 ppm
  • Mercuryredistilled
  • Mercury, Triple Distilled, Reagent
  • Mercury AA Standard,1000 ppm in HNO3
  • Quick silver Liquid silver
  • Mercury, metal, extra pure, washed
  • Mercury, metal, tridistilled, for polarography
  • Mercury, redistilled, 99.99%
  • Mercury, (trace metal basis), 99.999%
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