2-Chlorethanol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger und ?tzender Gase (Chlorwasserstoff, Phosgen). Reagiert sehr heftig mit Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Reagiert mit Wasser oder Wasserdampf unter Bildung giftiger und ?tzender Rauche. Reagiert mit starken Basen unter Bildung vonEthylenoxid. Vergiftungs- und Feuergefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 1 ppm (als STEL, ceiling), Hautresorption, Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 1 ppm, 3.3 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(1); Hautresorption; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt stark die Augen und die Atemwege. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf Zentralnervensystem, Herzkreislaufsystem, Nieren und Leber mit nachfolgenden Herzfunktionsst?rungen, niedrigem Blutdruck, Nierensch?den, Lebersch?den und Atemversagen. Exposition kann zum Tod führen.
LECKAGE
Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit m?glichst in abdichtbaren Beh?ltern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Vollschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabh?ngigem Atemschutzger?t.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R26/27/28:Sehr giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S7/9:Beh?lter dicht geschlossen an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S7:Beh?lter dicht geschlossen halten.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
C2H5ClO; Ethylenchlorhydrin, Glycolchlorhydrin. Farblose, mit Wasser mischbare Flüssigkeit mit etherischem Geruch.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Sehr giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut. Im Laborversuch erbgutverändernd. Starke Hautresorption auch aus wässriger Lösung, dabei nur geringe Schleimhautreizung. Systemische Wirkung auf ZNS, Nieren, Leber und Kreislauf. Lungenödem nach mehrstündiger Latenzzeit möglich.
Heftige Reaktionen mit Basen und starken Oxidationsmitteln. Entzündlich, Dämpfe schwerer als Luft und bilden explosionfähige Gemische.
Gefährliche Zersetzungsprodukte sind Phosgen und Chlorwasserstoff.
LD
50 (oral, Ratte): 71 mg/kg
Schutzma?nahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Mit flüssigkeitsbindendem Material, z.B. Rench Rapid aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen.
Kohlendioxid, Pulver, Schaum.
Brennbar. Im Brandfall Entstehung gefährlicher Gase möglich.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 10 Minuten ausspülen. Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft, ggf. Atemspende. Sofort zum Arzt!
Nach Verschlucken: Mund mit Wasser ausspülen, sofort Arzt hinzuziehen. Erbrechen vermeiden.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung sofort entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
Vorsichtig mit konzentrierter Natriumbicarbonatlösung umsetzen und anschließend mit Salzsäure neutralisieren. Dann in wässrige, neutrale Lösemittelabfälle.
Beschreibung
Ethylene chlorohydrine is a clear, colourless liquid with mild, ethereal odour. It reacts with
alkali metals. Ethylene chlorohydrine has applications as a laboratory reagent and as a
pharmaceutical intermediate. Ethylene chlorohydrine is a building block in the production
of pharmaceuticals, biocides, and plasticisers, used for manufacture of thiodiglycol, an
important solvent for cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose, textile-printing dyes, extraction
of pine lignin, in dewaxing, refining of rosin, and the cleaning of machines. Several dyes
are prepared by the alkylation of aniline derivatives with chloroethanol.
Chemische Eigenschaften
2-Chloroethanol is a colorless liquid with a faint, ethereal odor and is miscible with water. Among the halogenated alcohols, ethylene chlorohydrin is the most prominent, along with the chloropropanols.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless liquid with a faint, ether-like odor. Odor threshold concentration is 400 ppb (quoted,
Keith and Walters, 1992).
Verwenden
2-Chloroethanol, is used in the preparation of TTFTT (tetrathiafulvalene-2,3,6,7-tetrathiolate) and important building block in TTF syntheis. In addition, it is used in the synthesis of vinyltriazoles. This is the labeled analog.
Definition
ChEBI: 2-chloroethanol is a chloroethanol carrying a chloro substituent at position 2. It has a role as a xenobiotic metabolite.
Vorbereitung Methode
2-Chloroethanol is manufactured by the reaction of ethylene
gas with dilute hydrochlorous acid. The principal use of
2-chloroethanol was formerly in producing ethylene oxide,
in which ethylene was reacted with hypochlorous acid.
However, the current production of ethylene oxide does
not use this procedure. Facilities for ethylene chlorohydrin
have, in many cases, been converted to the production of
propylene chlorohydrin, the dehydrochlorination of which
yields propylene oxide.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
2-Chloroethanol is a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. 2-Chloroethanol is soluble in water and is also a combustible liquid. It reacts with alkali metals.Ethylene chlorohydrine has applications as a laboratory reagent and as a pharmaceutical intermediate. Ethylene chlorohydrine is a building block in the production of pharmaceuticals, biocides, and plasticisers, used for manufacture of thiodiglycol, an important solvent for cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose, textile-printing dyes, extraction of pine lignin, in dewaxing, refining of rosin, and the cleaning of machines. Several dyes are prepared by the alkylation of aniline derivatives with chloroethanol.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. 2-Chloroethanol is soluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Mixing 2-Chloroethanol in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid, ethylene diamine, and sodium hydroxide, [NFPA 1991]. Ethylenediamine reacts violently with 2-Chloroethanol. (Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 1554.).
Hazard
Deadly via ingestion, inhalation, and skin
absorption; strong irritant, penetrates ordinary rubber gloves and protective clothing. Moderate fire
hazard. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Ethylene chlorohydrin is a severe acute poi son. The target organs are CNS, cardiovascu lar system, kidney, liver, and gastrointestinalsystem. The symptoms of acute toxicity arerespiratory distress, paralysis, brain damage,nausea, and vomiting. In addition, ethylenechlorohydrin can cause glutathione depletionin liver and formation of polyuria in kidney.
Ingestion of 20–25 mL can be fatal tohumans. Death may occur in 48 hours dueto metabolic acidosis and respiratory failure.Ethanol therapy apparently produced no ben efit in treatment (Deng et al. 2001). It maybe more toxic by skin contact than by oralintake. Inhalation of its vapors can producenausea, vomiting, headache, chest pain, andstupor (ACGIH 1986). At high concentra tions, death may occur. Exposure to 300 ppmfor 2 hours can be fatal to humans.
LD50 value, oral (mice): 81 mg/kgLD50 value, intraperitoneal (mice): 97 mg/kg
Ethylene chlorohydrin is an irritant to theskin, eyes, nose, and mucous membranes.It is a confirmed mutagen by the Ames testin Salmonella typhimurium. It inhibits thegrowth of DNA-deficient bacteria. Exposureto this compound increased the chromosomeaberration in the bone marrow of rats. Theodor threshold is 0.4 ppm.
A 2-year dermal study showed no evidenceof carcinogenicity of ethylene chlorohydrin onrodents (NTP 2004). The compound, however,caused malformed fetus and maternal mortality in experimental animals.
Brandgefahr
2-Chloroethanol decomposition products will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes of phosgene and hydrogen chloride. Vapors are heavier than air and may flash back to a source of ignition.
Chemische Reaktivit?t
Reactivity with Water: No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Sicherheitsprofil
A poison by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic to humans by inhalation. It can affect the nervous system, liver, spleen, and lungs. An experimental teratogen. Mutation data reported. A severe eye and mild skin irritant. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. Violent reaction with chlorosulfonic acid, ethylene hamine, sodmm hydroxide. Reacts with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Potentially violent reaction with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of Cland phosgene. See also CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC.
m?gliche Exposition
Ethylene chlorohydrin is used as a solvent and emulsifier; in the synthesis of ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, amines, carbitols, indigo, malonic acid,
novocaine, and in other reactions where the hydroxyethyl
group is introduced into organic compounds; for the separation of butadiene from hydrocarbon mixtures; in dewaxing
and removing cycloalkanes from mineral oil; in the refining
of rosin; in the manufacture of certain pesticides and in the
extraction of pine lignin. In the lacquer industry, it is used
as a solvent for cellulose acetate, cellulose esters, resins and
waxes; and in the dyeing and cleaning industry, it is used to
remove tar spots; as a cleaning agent for machines; and as a
solvent in fabric dyeing. It has also found use in agriculture
in speeding up sprouting of potatoes and in treating seeds to
inhibit biological activity. Making chemical warfare agents
Carcinogenicity
No evidence of carcinogenicity was observed in rats that ingested doses of 4, 8, or 16 mg/kg
2-chloroethanol in drinking water for up to 2 years. The study
was not reported in detail, and small numbers of animals were
used. F344 rats were given subcutaneous injections
twice weekly at doses of 0.3, 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg for 1 year,
followed by a 6-month observation period. An increased
incidence of pituitary gland adenomas was observed in
female rats; the incidence in the dosed female rats (all
doses combined) was 7/100 and the control incidence
was 1/50. 2-Chloroethanol was not carcinogenic in
NMRI mice given subcutaneous injections once weekly for
70 weeks at doses of 0.3, 1.0, or 3mg . In an NTP study,
2-chloroethanol was applied dermally to F344 rats and CD-1mice for 2 years, at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg for rats and 7.5
and 15 mg per animal for mice. There was no evidence of
carcinogenicity.
Environmental Fate
Biological. Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 10-d BOD value of 0.50 g/g which is
50.0% of the ThOD value of 1.00 g/g.
Chemical/Physical. Reacts with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solutions at 105 °C producing
ethylene glycol (Patnaik, 1992).
Versand/Shipping
UN1135 Ethylene chlorohydrin, Hazard class:
6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 3-Flammable
liquid, Inhalation Hazard Zone B
l?uterung methode
Dry it with, then distil it from, CaSO4 in the presence of a little Na2CO3 to remove traces of acid. [Beilstein 1 IV 1372.]
Inkompatibilit?ten
May form explosive mixture with air.
Strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions.
Incompatible with strong caustics (formation of ethylene
gas), strong acids; alkaline metals; aliphatic amines; isocyanates. Violent reaction with ethylene diamine, chlorosulfonic acid. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings. Reacts
with water or steam producing toxic and corrosive fumes
Waste disposal
Incineration, preferably after
mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove
the halo acids produced.
2-Chlorethanol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
