Linalool Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung von ?tzendem Qualm und reizenden Rauchen. Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Aerosols und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Nur ungenügende Angaben vorhanden über die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine gesundheitssch?dliche Konzentration in der Luft beim Verdampfen bei 20°C erreicht wird.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Haut.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf die Leber.
LECKAGE
Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit m?glichst in abdichtbaren Beh?ltern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R20/21/22:Gesundheitssch?dlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Beschreibung
Linalool has a typical floral odor free from camphoraceous and
terpenic notes.1 Synthetic linalool exhibits a cleaner and fresher
note than the natural product. It can be prepared synthetically
starting from myrcene or from dehydrolinalool.
The optically active forms (d- and ι-) and the optically inactive
form occur naturally in more than 2 0 0 oils from herbs, leaves,
flowers, and wood; the ι-form is present in the largest amounts
(80 - 85%) in the distillates from leaves of Cinnamomum cam phora var. orientalis and Cinnamomum camphora var. occidentalis
and in the distillate from Cajenne rosewood; it also has been
reported in: champaca, ylang-ylang, neroli, Mexican linaloe, ber gamot, lavandin, and others; a mixture of d- and ι-linalool has
been reported in Brazil rosewood (85%); the d-form has been
found in palmarosa, mace, sweet orange-flower distillate, petit grain, coriander (60 - 70%), marjoram, Orthodon linalooliferum
(80%), and others; the inactive form has been reported in clary
sage, jasmine, and Nectandra elaiophora.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Linalool occurs as one of its
enantiomers in many essential oils, where it is often the main component. (3R)-
(?)-Linalool, for example, occurs at a concentration of 80–85% in Ho
oils from Cinnamomum camphora; rosewood oil contains about 80%. (3S)-(+)-
Linalool makes up 60–70% of coriander oil (“coriandrol”).
Linalool is used frequently in perfumery for fruity notes and for many
floral fragrance compositions (lily of the valley, lavender, and neroli). Because of its
relatively high volatility, it imparts naturalness to top notes. Since linalool is stable
in alkali, it can be used in soaps and detergents. Linalyl esters can be prepared from
linalool.Most of the manufactured linalool is used in the production of vitamin E.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Properties. Racemic linalool is, similarly to the individual enantiomers,
a colorless liquid with a floral, fresh odor, reminiscent of lily of the valley.
However, the enantiomers differ slightly in odor. Together with its esters,
linalool is one of the most frequently used fragrance substances and is produced
in large quantities. In the presence of acids, linalool isomerizes readily to geraniol,
nerol, and α-terpineol. It is oxidized to citral, for example, by chromic acid. Oxidation
with peracetic acid yields linalool oxides, which occur in small amounts
in essential oils and are also used in perfumery. Hydrogenation of linalool gives
tetrahydrolinalool, a stable fragrance material. Its odor is not as strong as, but
is fresher than, that of linalool. Linalool can be converted into linalyl acetate by
reaction with ketene or with an excess of boiling acetic anhydride.
Occurrence
The optically active forms (d- and l-) and the optically inactive form occur naturally in more than 200 oils from
herbs, leaves, flowers and wood; the l-form is present in the largest amounts (80 to 85%) in the distillates from leaves of Cinnamomum
camphora var. orientalis and Cinnamomum camphora var. occidentalis and in the distillate from Cajenne rosewood; it also has been
reported in champaca, ylang-ylang, neroli, Mexican linaloe, bergamot and lavandin; a mixture of d- and l-linalool has been reported
in Brazil rosewood (85%); the d-form has been found in palmarosa, mace, sweet orange-flower distillate, petitgrain, coriander (60
to 70%), marjoram and Orthodon linalooliferum (80%); the inactive form has been reported in clary sage, jasmine and Nectandra
elaiophora. Also reported found in over 280 products including apple, citrus peel oils and juices, berries, grapes, guava, celery, peas,
potato, tomato, cinnamon, cloves, cassia, cumin, ginger, mentha oils, mustard, nutmeg, pepper, thymus, cheeses, grape wines, butter,
milk, rum, cider, tea, passion fruit, olive, mango, beans, coriander, cardamom and rice.
Verwenden
linalool is a fragrant component of both lavender and coriander. It can be incorporated into cosmetics for perfuming, deodorant, or odor-masking activity.
Definition
ChEBI: A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Linalool is a monoterepene compound. It is the major component of many essential oils. Anti-inflammatory properties of (?) linalool, a naturally occurring enantiomer, has been studied. It is also the major constituent of the basil and thyme essential oil and its anti-microbial effect was determined using the agar well diffusion assay. Linalool is reported to have dose-dependent marked sedative effects at the central nervous system (CNS), including hypnotic, anticonvulsant and hypothermic properties. Linalool is reported to have a lemon like odor.
Kontakt-Allergie
Linalool is a terpene chief constituent of linaloe oil,also found in oils of Ceylon cinnamon, sassafras,orange flower, bergamot, Artemisia balchanorum, ylang-ylang. This frequently used scented substance is a sensitizer by the way of primary or secondary oxida-tion products. As a fragrance allergen, linalool has to be mentioned by name in cosmetics within the EU
Anticancer Research
Studies of antitumor activities and toxicity were done on solid S-180 tumor-bearingSwiss albino mice. It results in an induction of oxidative stress with an antitumoractivities result. In comparison with cyclophosphamide, antioxidant effects wereobserved in the liver and modulation of proliferation of spleen cells in tumor-bearingmice challenged with lipopolysaccharides, while both were seriously affected bycyclophosphamide (Costa et al. 2015).
Linalool Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
