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ChemicalBook CAS DataBase List Phthalonitrile
91-15-6

Phthalonitrile synthesis

11synthesis methods
Phthalonitrile can be produced from phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, phthalamide, or phthalimide by reaction with ammonia and elimination of water at 300–500°C in the gas phase in the presence of a catalyst.
preparation of Phthalonitrile
In a single-stage continuous process, o-xylene is converted to phthalonitrile by reaction with ammonia and oxygen in the gas phase in a fluidized-bed reactor. Generally, metal oxide mixtures containing vanadium, antimony, chromium, and molybdenum, with further active components such as iron, tungsten, and alkali-metal oxides, on an alumina or silica support are used as catalysts.
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Yield:91-15-6 89%

Reaction Conditions:

with ammonium hydroxide;sodium persulfate;sodium iodide;iron(II) chloride in 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 20 - 50; for 16 h;

Steps:

General procedure for the synthesis of nitriles
General procedure: To a solution of aldehydes 1 (3 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (10 mL) was added FeCl2(0.3 mmol), Na2S2O8 (4.5 mmol), NaI (0.15 mmol), and NH3.H2O (9 mL) at room temperature. After the mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 16 hours, it was poured into water (30 mL) and extracted with DCM (3 × 30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to afford the product 2.

References:

Chen, Han;Sun, Sijia;Xi, Haoying;Hu, Kaifang;Zhang, Ning;Qu, Jingping;Zhou, Yuhan [Tetrahedron Letters,2019,vol. 60,# 21,p. 1434 - 1436] Location in patent:supporting information

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