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Fungal biology

Fungal biology

IF: 2.89
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Antifungal activity of the cationic antimicrobial polymer-polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and its mode of action

Published:1 January 2017 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.09.001
Hyemin Choi , Keuk-Jun Kim , Dong Gun Lee

Abstract

The antifungal activity of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMGH) was studied against various pathogenic fungi. PHMGH had more potent antifungal activity than amphotericin B, which is a commonly used antifungal drug, and also showed no hemolytic and lactate dehydrogenase release activities in the range of 1.25–40.0?μg?mL?1. PHMGH is a cationic polymer containing an amino group and a polymeric guanidine group. Based on its characteristics such as the cationic charge and hydrophobicity, the antifungal mechanism of PHMGH was investigated using Candida albicans, as a model organism. Flow cytometric contour-plot analysis and microscopy showed changes in the size and granularity of the cells after treatment with PHMGH. A membrane study using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene labelling indicated a great loss of phospholipid area in the plasma membrane following PHMGH treatment. To investigate the extent of the damage, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextran leakage from large unilamellar vesicles was observed, indicating that PHMGH acts on the fungal membranes by inducing pore formation, with the majority of pore size being between 2.3 and 3.3?nm. This mechanism was confirmed with ion transition assays using 3,3′-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide and an ion-selective electrode meter, which indicated that membrane depolarization involving K+ leakage was induced. Taken together, these results show that PHMGH exerts its fungicidal effect by forming pores in the cell membrane.

Substances (5)

Related products
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Amphotericin B 1397-89-3 C47H73NO17 625 suppliers $7.00-$27250.00
Polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride 57028-96-3 C7H22ClN5 309 suppliers Inquiry
1,6-DIPHENYL-1,3,5-HEXATRIENE 1720-32-7 C18H16 127 suppliers $49.00-$970.20
3,3'-DIPROPYLTHIACARBOCYANINE IODIDE 53336-12-2 C23H25IN2S2 42 suppliers $52.50-$499.08
Polyhexamethylene guanidine 31961-54-3 C21H45N9X2 7 suppliers Inquiry

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