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Bioresource Technology

Bioresource Technology

IF: 9.69
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Ecological risks of sulfonamides and quinolones degradation intermediates: Toxicity, microbial community, and antibiotic resistance genes

Published:9 December 2024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131967 PMID: 39662843
Shuo Li,?Ran Wang,?Yunfei Zhang,?Heshan Zheng,?Xu Dong,?Yoong Kit Leong,?Jo-Shu Chang

Abstract

The ecological risks posed by incompletely degraded antibiotic intermediates in aquatic environments warrant significant attention. This study investigated the degradation mechanisms of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole) and quinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin) during thermally activated persulfate (TAP) treatment. The main degradation mechanisms for sulfonamides involved S-N bond cleavage and -NH2 oxidation mediated by sulfate and hydroxyl radicals, whereas quinolone degradation occurred primarily through piperazine ring cleavage facilitated by a single linear oxygen. Toxic degradation intermediates were found to be enriched with bacteria in real water samples, including Aeromonas (SDZ-50, 9.61%), Acinetobacter (SMZ-50, 21.91%), unclassified Archaea (CIP-50, 19.32%), and Herbaspirillum (NOR-50, 17.36%). Meanwhile, the abundance of sulfonamide-associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (sul1 and sul2) and quinolone-associated ARGs (mfpA, emrA, and lfrA) significantly increased, with SMZ-50 and NOR-50 reaching 659.34 and 2009.98 RPKM, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed differences in host diversity and composition driven by the same classes of antibiotics and their intermediates.

Substances (4)

Materials
Procduct Name CAS Molecular Formula Supplier Price
Formic acid 64-18-6 CH2O2 1167 suppliers $22.13-$5923.38
Acetonitrile 75-05-8 C2H3N 1026 suppliers $61180.00
Methanol 67-56-1 CH4O 837 suppliers $9.00-$7620.00
Ciprofloxacin 85721-33-1 C17H18FN3O3 657 suppliers $5.00-$1872.00

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