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Hydrocarbons and derivatives

Hydrocarbon compounds are also known as hydrocarbons. They are compounds only containing two elements, hydrogen and carbon. When their molecular hydrogen atoms are replaced by various kinds of other element atoms or atom groups, we can obtain various kinds of hydrocarbon derivatives. German chemist Schorlemmer had discovered butane and other hydrocarbons, and is thus known as the founder of the hydrocarbon chemistry. There are many types of hydrocarbons with number of hydrocarbons with known structure being over 2,000 kinds. Based on the connecting way of carbon bonds, they are divided into chain hydrocarbon and cyclic hydrocarbon, two types with the former one having its carbon atoms connected in a chain shape. According to the saturation degree of hydrogen atom on valence bonds, they are divided into saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are namely alkanes, such as methane, ethane and so on; unsaturated hydrocarbons include olefin and alkynes with representation being ethylene and acetylene. Cyclic hydrocarbon has its intramolecular carbon bonds connected into a closed ring. It includes two kinds, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many similarities between alicyclic hydrocarbons and chain hydrocarbon. General cyclic hydrocarbons are similar to hydrocarbons while cyclic olefin and cyclic alkyne are respectively similar as alkenes and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons mainly refer to hydrocarbons containing benzene ring structure.

Chain hydrocarbon is also known as aliphatic hydrocarbon due to that during the initial study; it was found that oil lipid contained many of these open chain compounds. The naming of alicyclic hydrocarbons is due to its similar nature as aliphatic hydrocarbons. The nature of aromatic hydrocarbon is different from other hydrocarbons while first discovered several compounds are all scented, leading to the name which is still in use today.

Oil, gas and coal are the main source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum refining can give a variety of alkane mixture such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc; oil cracking, reforming give various kinds of olefins, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar contains various kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Many kinds of higher hydrocarbons are presented in plants such as the pigments contained in tomatoes and carrots. The wax of many kinds of plants and animals also contains higher content of alkanes. For example, beeswax contains C27H56 and C31H64; wax of spinach leaves contains C33H68, C35H72, and C37H76; wax of cabbage leaves contains C29H60 and so on. The main component of natural rubber, polyisoprene also belongs to hydrocarbon. An important application of hydrocarbons is being used as fuel and chemical raw materials. Through secondary processing of petroleum, it can give ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene, and other basic organic industrial raw materials. From these materials, we can further prepare styrene, ethanol, acetone and other chemicals. Re-use of these raw materials can be used for manufacturing of a variety of plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and fine chemical products. Hydrocarbons may also be used as food for certain bacteria to utilize with those proteins (oil protein) excreted by these bacteria proteins being applied as feed. The national scale and level of processing and application of hydrocarbons may reflect the extent of economic and technological development of a country.

Hydrocarbon derivative refers to the general term of many kinds of complicated compound derived from hydrocarbon molecules with one or more hydrogen atoms being substituted by other atoms or atoms groups. Compounds derived from halogen substitution are called halogenated hydrocarbon; derived from hydroxy substitution are called alcohols or phenols; derived from carboxy substitution are called carboxylic acids. Ester, acyl halide, acid anhydride, amides, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitriles, etc. can be considered to be the compounds derived from hydrocarbons with intramolecular hydrogen atoms being substituted by corresponding atoms. During early 19th century, German chemist Schorlemmer, based on years of experimental and theoretical studies, had first defined organic chemistry as chemistry concerning hydrocarbons and their derivatives. This definition is formulated based on the principles of atom combination theory, being more reasonable and advanced than all the previous definitions, thus further being adopted by many chemists. However, the problem is that it doesn’t distinguish the difference between organic and inorganic substances. The definition of Schorlemmer had greatly promoted the development of the theory regarding to the organic chemistry structure. He was the first man who defined organic compound as above scientific classifications, establishing a scientific system. He was the first man who divided organics into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and further classified aliphatic compounds into hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons), halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and so on.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
2-hydroxy-3-iodonaphthalene-1,4-dione 2-hydroxy-3-iodonaphthalene-1,4-dione 35135-38-7 C10H5IO3
benzyl 3-(aminomethyl)benzoate hydrochloride benzyl 3-(aminomethyl)benzoate hydrochloride 1251924-33-0 C15H16ClNO2
1,3,5-TRIMETHYLADAMANTANE 1,3,5-TRIMETHYLADAMANTANE 707-35-7 C13H22
ETHYL 2,5-DIHYDROXYBENZOATE ETHYL 2,5-DIHYDROXYBENZOATE C9H10O4
4-Fluoro-3-nitrotoluene 4-Fluoro-3-nitrotoluene 446-11-7 C7H6FNO2
(E)-4-amino-6-((4'-amino-3,3'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)diazenyl)-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid (E)-4-amino-6-((4'-amino-3,3'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)diazenyl)-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid 2056902-27-1 C24H22N4O7S2
ethyl 4-(5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)-2-methylbenzoate ethyl 4-(5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)-2-methylbenzoate 864725-61-1 C20H16Cl2F3NO3
4-ISOPROPYL-1-METHYL-2-PROPENYLBENZENE 4-ISOPROPYL-1-METHYL-2-PROPENYLBENZENE 14374-92-6 C13H18
4-FLUORO-3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL BROMIDE 4-FLUORO-3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL BROMIDE 184970-26-1 C8H5BrF4
2-[3,5-di-(naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen 2-[3,5-di-(naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl]-naphthalen 16322-13-7 C36H24
3-(chloromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-Triazole hydrochloride 3-(chloromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-Triazole hydrochloride 135206-76-7 C4H6ClN3
3 5-DIMETHYLPHENYLPHOSPHORYL DICHLORIDE 3 5-DIMETHYLPHENYLPHOSPHORYL DICHLORIDE 775-08-6 C8H9Cl2O2P
3-FLUOROPHENYLZINC IODIDE 3-FLUOROPHENYLZINC IODIDE 307496-28-2 C6H4FIZn
AZD4573 AZD4573 2057509-72-3 C22H28ClN5O2
SUCCINIMIDYL 4-FORMYLBENZOATE SUCCINIMIDYL 4-FORMYLBENZOATE 60444-78-2 C12H9NO5
4-Bromothiazole 4-Bromothiazole 34259-99-9 C3H2BrNS
1-(bromomethyl)-4-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbenzene 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbenzene 1378873-23-4 C10H13BrO
2,2-Diethoxypropane 2,2-Diethoxypropane 126-84-1 C7H16O2
2-(Chloromethyl)-1-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene 2-(Chloromethyl)-1-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene 1001096-10-1 C8H5ClF4
4-broMo-1,2-bis(broMoMethyl)benzene 4-broMo-1,2-bis(broMoMethyl)benzene 69189-19-1 C8H7Br3
Benzoic acid, 3-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-, Methyl ester Benzoic acid, 3-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-, Methyl ester 775304-60-4 C16H11FN2O3
Hydrogen bis [2-(hydroxyl-kappa O) benzoate (2-)-kappa O]-(T-4)-borate (1-) coMpound with N,N-dibutyl-1-butanaMine (1:1:1) (SABoTBA) Hydrogen bis [2-(hydroxyl-kappa O) benzoate (2-)-kappa O]-(T-4)-borate (1-) coMpound with N,N-dibutyl-1-butanaMine (1:1:1) (SABoTBA) 22450-96-0 C26H36BNO6
3-AMino-4-MethylaMinoMethylsulfonylbenzene 3-AMino-4-MethylaMinoMethylsulfonylbenzene 73097-51-5 C8H12N2O2S
2-BROMO-2-CHLOROPROPANE 2-BROMO-2-CHLOROPROPANE 2310-98-7 C3H6BrCl
1-Benzyl-4-methyl-3-(methylamino)piperidine dihydrochloride 1-Benzyl-4-methyl-3-(methylamino)piperidine dihydrochloride 1228879-37-5 C14H23ClN2
trans-4-Morpholinocyclohexanol trans-4-Morpholinocyclohexanol 1228947-14-5 C10H19NO2
3-benzyl-[1,2]oxathiolane 2,2-dioxide 3-benzyl-[1,2]oxathiolane 2,2-dioxide 75732-43-3 C10H12O3S
1-broMo-4-iodobutane 1-broMo-4-iodobutane 89044-65-5 C4H8BrI
4-BroMo-5-chloro-2-fluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride 4-BroMo-5-chloro-2-fluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride 1208075-41-5 C6H2BrCl2FO2S
1,2-Dichloro-4,5-diMethylbenzene 1,2-Dichloro-4,5-diMethylbenzene 20824-80-0 C8H8Cl2
BOC-D-HIS(BOC)-OH BENZENE BOC-D-HIS(BOC)-OH BENZENE 388086-36-0 C22H31N3O6
SodiuM 5-aMino-2-nitrobenzoate SodiuM 5-aMino-2-nitrobenzoate 1951444-76-0 C7H5N2NaO4
1,1,2-TRIBROMOPROPANE 1,1,2-TRIBROMOPROPANE 14602-62-1 C3H5Br3
2,5-BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)-P-XYLENE 2,5-BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)-P-XYLENE 6298-72-2 C10H12Cl2
1,8-Dibromonaphthalene 1,8-Dibromonaphthalene 17135-74-9 C10H6Br2
1-Bromo-2-ethyl-6-methylbenzene 1-Bromo-2-ethyl-6-methylbenzene 65232-55-5 C9H11Br
1,3,5-Benzenetriol, 2,4,6-tribromo- (9CI) 1,3,5-Benzenetriol, 2,4,6-tribromo- (9CI) 3354-82-3 C6H3Br3O3
1,3-Dibromo-2,5-difluorobenzene 1,3-Dibromo-2,5-difluorobenzene 128259-68-7 C6H2Br2F2
3-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoic acid 3-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoic acid 3453-40-5 C14H14O3
9,9'-Bis([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,3'-bi-9H-carbazole 9,9'-Bis([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3,3'-bi-9H-carbazole 57102-51-9 C48H32N2
3-BROMO-3-METHYLPENTANE 3-BROMO-3-METHYLPENTANE 25346-31-0 C6H13Br
[3-(Trifluoromethyl)-3-buten-1-ynyl]benzene [3-(Trifluoromethyl)-3-buten-1-ynyl]benzene 152597-84-7 C11H7F3
1,1,2,2,3,3-Hexafluorocyclopentane 1,1,2,2,3,3-Hexafluorocyclopentane 123768-18-3 C5H4F6
4,5-bis(dodecyloxy)benzene-1,2-diamine 4,5-bis(dodecyloxy)benzene-1,2-diamine 190435-62-2 C30H56N2O2
1,3-Benzenediamine, 4,6-dimethoxy- 1,3-Benzenediamine, 4,6-dimethoxy- 1129-15-3 C8H12N2O2
Benzene, 2-bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-3-methyl- Benzene, 2-bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-3-methyl- 66790-58-7 C8H8Br2
Benzene, 1,3-dibromo-2,5-dichloro- Benzene, 1,3-dibromo-2,5-dichloro- 81067-41-6 C6H2Br2Cl2
1-BROMO-2,5-DIMETHYL-4-IODOBENZENE 1-BROMO-2,5-DIMETHYL-4-IODOBENZENE 699119-05-6 C8H8BrI
2'-Bromo-spiro[9H-fluorene-9,9'-[9H]xanthene] 2'-Bromo-spiro[9H-fluorene-9,9'-[9H]xanthene] 1477458-14-2 C25H15BrO
trilaciclib trilaciclib 1374743-00-6 C24H30N8O
4-(Hexadecyloxy)benzene-1,3-diamine 4-(Hexadecyloxy)benzene-1,3-diamine 137819-03-5 C22H40N2O
1,2,4,5-tetra(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzene 1,2,4,5-tetra(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzene 1291058-05-3 C10H6N16
1,2-di(3-thienyl)benzene 1,2-di(3-thienyl)benzene 1221184-53-7 C14H10S2
MITOQ MITOQ 444890-41-9 C37H44O4P+
o-(benzyloxy)anisole o-(benzyloxy)anisole 835-79-0 C14H14O2
1,3-dichloronaphthalene 1,3-dichloronaphthalene 2198-75-6 C10H6Cl2
disodium 3-[[2-(acetylamino)-4-[(4-amino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]phenyl]azo]naphthalene-1,5-disulphonate disodium 3-[[2-(acetylamino)-4-[(4-amino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]phenyl]azo]naphthalene-1,5-disulphonate 4988-30-1 C21H18ClN8NaO7S2
3-tert-butyl-6-methylpyrocatechol 3-tert-butyl-6-methylpyrocatechol 2213-67-4 C11H16O2
hexasodium 2,2'-[vinylenebis[(3-sulphonato-4,1-phenylene)imino[6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-diyl]imino]]bis(benzene-1,4-disulphonate) hexasodium 2,2'-[vinylenebis[(3-sulphonato-4,1-phenylene)imino[6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-diyl]imino]]bis(benzene-1,4-disulphonate) 52301-70-9 C40H34N12Na6O20S6
(E)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,6-triene 3779-61-1 C10H16
4-hydroxy-2-methylnaphthyl benzoate 4-hydroxy-2-methylnaphthyl benzoate 2211-28-1 C18H14O3
1,4-diamino-2-(phenylsulphonyl)anthraquinone 1,4-diamino-2-(phenylsulphonyl)anthraquinone 5264-55-1 C20H14N2O4S
1-(1,3-dinitropropan-2-yl)-4-methylbenzene 1-(1,3-dinitropropan-2-yl)-4-methylbenzene 959933-41-6 C10H12N2O4
4-(morpholin-4-yl)benzenediazonium tetrachlorozincate (2:1) 4-(morpholin-4-yl)benzenediazonium tetrachlorozincate (2:1) 6014-68-2 C10H12N3O.1/2Cl4Zn
methylenebis(dioctylphosphine) oxide methylenebis(dioctylphosphine) oxide 21245-08-9 C33H70O2P2
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11)
4',4''',4''''',4'''''''-methanetetrayltetrakis(([1,1'-biphenyl]-3,5-dicarbaldehyde)) 4',4''',4''''',4'''''''-methanetetrayltetrakis(([1,1'-biphenyl]-3,5-dicarbaldehyde))
1-(4-CARBOXYPHENYL)-5-(MERCAPTOTETRAZOLE)-DISODIUM SALT 1-(4-CARBOXYPHENYL)-5-(MERCAPTOTETRAZOLE)-DISODIUM SALT 99229-76-2 C8H4N4NaO2S.Na
1,2-CYCLOHEXANEDIOL, 4-(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)- 1,2-CYCLOHEXANEDIOL, 4-(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)- 67027-80-9 C10H20O2
SNF-A Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde SNF-A Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde
1-AMINO-2-METHYLANTHRAQUINONE 1-AMINO-2-METHYLANTHRAQUINONE C15H11NO2
1-BROMO-3-IODOPROPANE 1-BROMO-3-IODOPROPANE 22306-36-1 C3H6BrI
ISOAMYLBENZENE ISOAMYLBENZENE 2049-94-7 C11H16
2-Amino-4-chloromethythiazole hydrochloride 2-Amino-4-chloromethythiazole hydrochloride 59608-97-8 C4H6Cl2N2S
1-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-1-CYCLOPROPANECARBONITRILE 1-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-1-CYCLOPROPANECARBONITRILE 64399-27-5 C10H8ClN
beta-naphthylalanine beta-naphthylalanine 63024-43-1 C13H14ClNO2
2-AMINOPENTANE 2-AMINOPENTANE 625-30-9 C5H13N
3-Benzenediol, 4-[4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1 3-Benzenediol, 4-[4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1 1668-53-7 C25H23N3O2
1-(4-PHENOXY-3-SULFOPHENYL)-3-HEPTADECYL-4-ISOPROPYL-2-PYRAZOLIN-5-ONE 1-(4-PHENOXY-3-SULFOPHENYL)-3-HEPTADECYL-4-ISOPROPYL-2-PYRAZOLIN-5-ONE 115345-38-5 C35H52N2O5S
2-BROMODIPHENYLMETHANE 2-BROMODIPHENYLMETHANE 23450-18-2 C13H11Br
3-chlorocarbazole 3-chlorocarbazole 2732-25-4 C12H8ClN
1-(2-(BIS-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)METHOXY)ETHYL)-4-(3-PHENYL-2-PROPENYL)PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE 1-(2-(BIS-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)METHOXY)ETHYL)-4-(3-PHENYL-2-PROPENYL)PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE 77862-93-2 C28H32Cl2F2N2O
1-bromo-3-(3-bromophenyl)benzene 1-bromo-3-(3-bromophenyl)benzene 16400-51-4 C12H8Br2
1-Chloro-6,6-dimethyl-2-heptene-4-yne 1-Chloro-6,6-dimethyl-2-heptene-4-yne 126764-17-8 C9H13Cl
Gum rosin amine Gum rosin amine
2-CHLORO-6-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL BROMIDE 2-CHLORO-6-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL BROMIDE 886500-26-1 C8H5BrClF3
1-Bromo-8-fluorooctane 1-Bromo-8-fluorooctane 593-12-4 C8H16BrF
1-Iodo-5-fluoropentane 1-Iodo-5-fluoropentane 373-18-2 C5H10FI
3,4,5-TRIFLUOROIODOBENZENE 3,4,5-TRIFLUOROIODOBENZENE 170112-66-0 C6H2F3I
1-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)CYCLOHEXANECARBONITRILE 1-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)CYCLOHEXANECARBONITRILE 162732-99-2 C13H13Cl2N
5,6,7,7a-Tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2(4H)-one 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 5,6,7,7a-Tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2(4H)-one 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 952340-39-5 C14H17NO4S2
2,3,4-Trifluoroiodobenzene 2,3,4-Trifluoroiodobenzene 1190385-23-9 C6H2F3I
1-Bromo-4-(tert-butoxymethyl)benzene 1-Bromo-4-(tert-butoxymethyl)benzene 22807-80-3 C11H15BrO
1-bromo-2-(chloromethyl)-4-methoxybenzene 1-bromo-2-(chloromethyl)-4-methoxybenzene 66192-25-4 C8H8BrClO
Methyl 4-(benzyloxy)-5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoate Methyl 4-(benzyloxy)-5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoate 61032-41-5 C16H15NO6
1,4-Diethynyl-2,5-bis(butyloxy)benzene 1,4-Diethynyl-2,5-bis(butyloxy)benzene 128834-29-7 C18H22O2
1-bromotriacontane 1-bromotriacontane 4209-22-7 C30H61Br
2-BROMO-3-METHYLBUTANE 2-BROMO-3-METHYLBUTANE 18295-25-5 C5H11Br
Methyl 2-(broMoMethyl)-5-cyanobenzoate Methyl 2-(broMoMethyl)-5-cyanobenzoate 421551-82-8 C10H8BrNO2
Benzene,1,1'-(1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethenediyl)bis[4-broMo- Benzene,1,1'-(1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethenediyl)bis[4-broMo- 184239-35-8 C26H18Br2
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