Propylnitrat Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE BIS GELBE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die D?mpfe sind schwerer als Luft und k?nnen sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung m?glich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Erhitzen kann zu sehr heftiger Verbrennung oder Explosion führen. Bei Sto?, Reibung oder Erschütterung explosionsartige Zersetzung m?glich. Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung von Stickstoffoxiden. Starkes Oxidationsmittel. Reagiert sehr heftig mit brennbaren und reduzierenden Stoffen. Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 25 ppm (als TWA); 40 ppm (als STEL); BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 25 ppm, 110 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation der D?mpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann schnell eine gesundheitssch?dliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Flüssigkeit reizt die Atemwege, die Augen und die Haut. Inhalation hoher Konzentrationen führt zu Auswirkungen auf das Blut mit nachfolgender Meth?moglobinbildung. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verz?gert ein. ?rztliche Beobachtung notwendig (s.Anm.).
LECKAGE
Belüftung. Zündquellen entfernen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Beh?ltern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Umgebungsluftunabh?ngiges Atemschutzger?t.
Chemische Eigenschaften
n-Propyl nitrate is a colorless to pale yellow
liquid. Ethereal odor.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless to light yellow, flammable liquid with an ether-like odor. Odor threshold concentration
is 50 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983).
Verwenden
Fuel ignition promoter, in rocket fuel formulations, as organic intermediate.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A white to straw-colored liquid with an ether-like odor. About the same density as water and insoluble in water. Flash point 70°F. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a fuel. Shock sensitive. The shock sensitivity is removed by addition of 1-2% of propane, butane, chloroform, ethyl ether, or methyl ether.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
Organonitrates, such as n-Propyl nitrate, range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. Nitroalkanes are milder oxidizing agents, but still react violently with reducing agents at higher temperature and pressures. Nitroalkanes react with inorganic bases to form explosive salts. The presence of metal oxides increases the thermal sensitivity of nitroalkanes. Nitroalkanes with more than one nitro group are generally explosive. Contact with either strong oxidizers or with combustibles may cause fires and explosions.
Hazard
Flammable, severe fire and explosion risk,
strong oxidizing material, explosive limits in air 2–
100%. Nausea and headache.
Health Hazard
Exposure can cause anoxia and cyanosis. Other effects are weakness, dizziness, and severe headaches.
Brandgefahr
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic gases and vapors, such as oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide, may be released in a fire.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by intravenous
route. Inhalation can cause hypotension and
methemoglobinemia. Dangerous fire hazard
when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.
Explosive in the form of vapor when
exposed to heat or flame. A shock-sensitive
explosive. It can be desensitized by the
addition of 1-2% propane, butane,
chloroform, dunethyl ether, or dithyl ether.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of NOx. Used as a fuel ignition
promoter, chemical intermediate, and in the
manufacture of rocket fuels. See also
NITRATES and ESTERS.
m?gliche Exposition
Propyl nitrate has been used as an
intermediate as a rocket propellant and as an ignition
improver in diesel fuels.
Versand/Shipping
UN1865 n-Propyl nitrate, Hazard Class: 3;
Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.
Inkompatibilit?ten
Vapor may form explosive mixture with
air. Reacts with reducing agents, combustible materials;
may be violent. A shock-sensitive explosive. The shock
sensitivity is removed by addition of 1%?2% of propane,
butane, chloroform, ethyl ether, or methyl ether . May
explode on heating. Forms explosive mixtures with com-
bustible materials. This material is an organonitrate. They
can range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed
with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides, and
nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates
in a detonation. Nitroalkanes are milder oxidizing agents,
but still react violently with reducing agents at higher tem-
perature and pressures. Nitroalkanes react with inorganic
bases to form explosive salts. The presence of metal oxides
increases the thermal sensitivity of nitroalkanes.
Nitroalkanes with more than one nitro group are generally
explosive. Contact with either strong oxidizers or with
combustibles may cause fires and explosions .
Waste disposal
Incineration: large quantities
of material may require nitrogen oxide removal by catalytic
or scrubbing processes . An alternative route suggested
involves pouring over soda ash, neutralizing with HCl and
flushing to the drain with water.
Propylnitrat Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
