N-Methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroanilin Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
GERUCHLOSE, FARBLOSE BIS GELBE KRISTALLE.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft m?glich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Bei Sto?, Reibung oder Erschütterung explosionsartige Zersetzung m?glich. Explosionsartige Zersetzung beim Erhitzen auf 187°C. Reagiert mit einigen Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 1,5 mg/m?(als TWA); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: Hautresorption; Sensibilisierung der Haut; Krebserzeugend Kategorie 3B; (DFG 2008).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation des Aerosols, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachl?ssigbar; eine sch?dliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren des Aerosols schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Nervensystem.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Kontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen. Wiederholte oder andauernde Inhalation kann asthmatische Beschwerden hervorrufen. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf Leber, Nieren und Blut.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzger?t, P3-Filter für giftige Partikel.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R2:Durch Schlag, Reibung, Feuer oder andere Zündquellen explosionsgef?hrlich.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R33:Gefahr kumulativer Wirkungen.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S35:Abf?lle und Beh?lter müssen in gesicherter Weise beseitigt werden.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S27:Beschmutzte, getr?nkte Kleidung sofort ausziehen.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
Beschreibung
This fully reduced quinoline type alkaloid has recently been obtained from the
above-ground parts of Nitraria schoberi. The structure has been determined by
ultraviolet, infrared, NMR and mass spectrometry. One hydroxyl and one methyl
group are present and the alkaloid may be dehydrogenated in the presence of
Pd-C to furnish 8-methylquinoline.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Tetryl is a colorless to yellow, odorless crystalline solid. High explosive material.
Verwenden
Tetryl is used as an initiator for many less sensitive explosives. It is used as the booster in artillery ammunition. A combination of Tetryl with trinitrotoluene and a small amount of graphite is known as Tetrytol, an explosive used as the bursting charge in artillery ammunition. It is also used as an indicator.
Tetryl is made by reacting 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene with methylamine and nitrating the product with nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
Definition
ChEBI: A nitramine that is methylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a nitro group while the other is substituted by a 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl group. A yellow crystalline powder, it is a high explosive, capable of being det
nated by friction, shock, or a spark.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A yellow crystalline solid high explosive. Toxic by ingestion and skin absorption. A skin irritant. Will explode if heated above 370°F. Used as a detonating explosive. The primary hazard is the blast of an instantaneous explosion and not flying projectiles and fragments.
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
During the measurement of the shock sensitivity of a mixture containing hydrazine, a drop of the hydrazine mixture fell on a TETRYL explosive. The TETRYL immediately burst into flames (ASESB 105).
Hazard
Dangerous fire and explosion risk. Skin
irritant, absorbed by skin. Upper respiratory tract
irritant.
Health Hazard
There is very little information on the human toxicity of this compound. A dose of 5000 mg/kg given subcutaneously was lethal to dogs (NIOSH 1986).
Brandgefahr
MAY EXPLODE AND THROW FRAGMENTS 1600 meters (1 MILE) OR MORE IF FIRE REACHES CARGO.
Sicherheitsprofil
Mutation data reported. An irritant, sensitizer, and allergen. The chief effect from exposure is dermatitis. Conjunctivitis is followed by iridocyclitis, and keratitis can occur. Sensitization produced by exposure may play a part in these symptoms. Gastrointestinal effects and anemia have also been reported. A powerful oxidant. A dangerous fire and explosion hazard. A high explosive sensitive to shock, friction, or heat. More sensitive to shock and friction than TNT. Explodes on contact with trioxygen difluoride. Ignites on contact with hydrazine. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also NITRATES and EXPLOSIVES, HIGH.
m?gliche Exposition
Tetryl is used in explosives; as an intermediary detonating agent; and as a booster charge for military devices; it is also used as a chemical indicator. No longer manufactured or used in the United States.
Carcinogenicity
A number of in vitro genotoxic assays in
bacteria and fungi suggest that tetryl is a directacting
genotoxin.
Environmental Fate
Chemical/Physical. Produces highly toxic nitrogen oxides on decomposition (Lewis, 1990).
Versand/Shipping
UN0208 Tetryl, Hazard Class: 1.1D; Labels:1.1D-Explosives (with a mass explosion hazard); D-Substances or articles which may mass detonate (with blast and/or fragment hazard) when exposed to fire.
Inkompatibilit?ten
Violent reaction with hydrazine; reducing agents, oxidizable materials. May explosively decompose from heat, shock, friction, or concussion. Explosive decomposition/detonation from heat takes approximately 1000 seconds @ 160℃; 0.1 seconds @ 500℃.
Waste disposal
Solution in acetone and incineration in furnace equipped with afterburner and caustic soda solution scrubber.
Einzelnachweise
Novgorodova, Maekh, Yunusov., Khirn. Prir. Soedin., 9, 196 (1973)
N-Methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroanilin Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
