Chlorethylen Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSES KOMPRIMIERTES FLüSSIGGAS MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Das Gas ist schwerer als Luft und kann sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung m?glich.Die D?mpfe des Vinylchlorid Monomers sind nicht stabilisiert und k?nnen in ?ffnungen oder Flammschutzeinrichtungen von Vorratstanks Polymere bilden, die die ?ffnungen verstopfen.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Unter bestimmten Bedingungen Peroxidbildung und explosionsartige Polymerisation. Polymerisiert leicht beim Erhitzen und unter Einfluss von Luft, Licht und bei Kontakt mit Katalysatoren, starken Oxidationsmitteln und Metallen wie Kupfer und Aluminium. Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger und ?tzender Rauche (Chlorwasserstoff, Phosgen). Greift Eisen und Stahl in Gegenwart von Feuchtigkeit an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 1 ppm (als TWA); Krebskategorie A1(best?tigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: Krebserzeugend Kategorie 1; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den K?rper durch Inhalation.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Eine gesundheitssch?dliche Konzentration des Gases in der Luft wird beim Entweichen aus dem Beh?lter sehr schnell erreicht.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Das Gas reizt die Augen. Die Flüssigkeit kann Erfrierungen hervorrufen. M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Exposition kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen. ?rztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
M?glich sind Auswirkungen auf Leber, Milz, Blut und periphere Blutgef??e, Fingergewebe und -knochen. Krebserzeugend für den Menschen.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Belüftung. Zündquellen entfernen. Pers?nliche Schutzausrüstung: Vollschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabh?ngigem Atemschutzger?t.
R-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
R12:Hochentzündlich.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
S-S?tze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn m?glich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
C2H3Cl. Farbloses Gas mit süßlichem Geruch.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Leicht entzündliches und leicht kondensierbares Gas. Bildet mit Luft explosionsfähiges Gemisch. Von Zündquellen fernhalten.
Polymerisiert bei Einwirkung von Licht, Luft und Wärme sowie von Peroxiden und Schwefelwasserstoff. Reagiert heftig bei Kontakt mit sauerstoffreichem Material.
Starke Reizungen nach Augen- und Hautkontakt. Die ersten Symptome nach wiederholter Exposition sind Kopfschmerzen, Nervosität, Gedächtnisschwäche, Sehstörungen, Schlaflosigkeit, Unsicherheit beim Gehen und Schwäche. Auch pränarkotische Symptome wie Euphorie, Schläfrigkeit, Taubheitsgefühl an Händenund Füßen werden beobachtet. Außerdem treten Verdauungsstörungen auf. Bei Konzentrationen von 10 Vol% sind Herzrhythmusstörungen, EKG-Veränderungen und Blutdruckabfall und bei 20 Vol% Atemlähmung festgestellt worden. Flüssiges Vinylchlorid verursacht lokale Anästhesie, gefolgt von "Verbrennungen" auf der Haut wegen seines niedrigen Siedepunktes. Im Auge können Hornhauttrübungen entstehen. Toxische Wirkung auf Leber und Nieren.
Beim Menschen erfahrungsgemäß krebserregend.
Wassergefährdender Stoff (WGK 2).
Schutzma?nahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Nur im Abzug arbeiten.
Schutzhandschuhe (nur als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz).
Vorbeugender Hautschutz (Arbeitsschutzcreme) wird empfohlen.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Bei Gasaustritt: Kambinationsfilter ABEK. Labor räumen.
CO
2, Pulverlöscher.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Gründlich mit Seife und viel Wasser reinigen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit viel Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 15 Minuten ausspülen. Augenarzt!
Nach Einatmen: Für Frischluftzufuhr sorgen. Bei Atemstillstand Atemspende. Sofort Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Benetzte Kleidung sofort ausziehen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
Kontaminiertes Material (Filter) und Lösungen in dichtschließendem Behälter sammeln und als Sondermüll entsorgen.
Beschreibung
Vinyl chloride is a colorless, flammable gas
with a sweet ethereal odor. It is shipped as a
liquefied compressed gas. Contact of the liquid
with the skin can result in freezing or frostbite.
Vinyl chloride has been established as a human
carcinogen. In addition, acute effects of vinyl
chloride exposure include irritation of the skin
and eyes on contact. Inhalation of concentrations of more than 500 ppm produces mild anesthesia.
Anhydrous vinyl chloride does not corrode
metals at normal temperatures and pressures,
but in the presence of moisture and elevated
temperatures, vinyl chloride accelerates the corrosion of iron and steel at elevated temperatures.
Vinyl chloride polymerizes readily when exposed to air, sunlight, heat, or oxygen, although
it is chemically stable as shipped with an inhibitor (phenol).
Chemische Eigenschaften
Vinyl chloride is a flammable gas at room
temperature, and is usually encountered as a cooled
liquid. The colorless liquid forms a vapor which has
a pleasant, ethereal odor. The odor threshold is variously
given as 260 ppm, 3,000 ppm (NJ fact sheet),
4000 ppm (NY fact sheet) in air and 3.4 ppm in water
(EPA Toxicological profile). Shipped as a liquefied
compressed gas.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless, liquefied compressed gas with a faint, sweetish odor
Verwenden
In the plastics industry to manufacture of polyvinyl chloride; in organic syntheses. Has been used as refrigerant, spray can propellant.
Definition
ChEBI: A monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group.
Vorbereitung Methode
VC was first synthesized in 1835 by Henri Victor Regnault
in the laboratory of Justus von Liebig. Industrial
production of VC began in 1930s. Ninety-eight percent
is used for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production and the
remaining 2% for polyvinylidene chloride and chlorinated
solvents. The most common method for the production ofVC
monomer is based on cracking ethylene dichloride.
Over 95% of VC produced worldwide in 2006 was made by
this method. A less common method is by hydrochlorination
of acetylene. VC has been produced commercially in
the United States for over 70 years.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless gas with a sweet odor. Easily ignited. Shipped as a liquefied gas under own vapor pressure. Contact with the unconfined liquid may cause frostbite by evaporative cooling. Leaks may be liquid or vapor. Vapors are heavier than air. May asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. Suspected carcinogen. Used to make plastics, adhesives, and other chemicals.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Forms polymeric peroxides that are explosive [Bretherick 1979. p. 164].
Reaktivit?t anzeigen
VINYL CHLORIDE is peroxidizable. Forms explosive polymeric peroxides in contact with air (in the presence of any of a variety of catalysts) [Bretherick 1979. p. 164]. Long storage in contact with air increases the concentration of the polyperoxides to hazardous levels [MCA Case History 1551. 1969]. The peroxides may initiate exothermic polymerization of the remaining material [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980.p. 958; Bretherick 1979. p. 160]. Light-sensitive. Many oxidizing agents apparently initiate polymerization (oxides of nitrogen, O2, etc.). May react with very hot water or steam to produce toxic fumes.
Hazard
The vapor density is 2.16, which is heavier than air. It is toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption. Vinyl chloride is a known human carcinogen. The TLV is 5 ppm in air. The four-digit UN identification number is 1086. The NFPA 704 designation is health 2, flammability 4, and reactivity 2; uninhibited, the values would be higher for reactivity. The primary uses are in making polyvinyl chloride and as an additive in plastics.
Health Hazard
The acute inhalation toxicity is of low order.Since it is a gas, the route of exposure isprimarily inhalation. The target organs arethe liver, central nervous system, respiratorysystem, and blood. Exposure to high concen trations can produce narcosis. A 30-minuteexposure to 30% vinyl chloride in air wasfatal to experimental animals. Chronic expo sure produced minor injury to the liver andkidneys. Such effects were noted at a 7-hourexposure daily to 200 ppm for 6 months.
Vinyl chloride is an animal and humancarcinogen. Rats subjected to 12 months’inhalation developed tumors of the lungs,skin, and bones. Occupational exposure tothis compound demonstrated an increasedincidence of liver cancer. Tabershaw andGaffey (1974) conducted epidemiologicalstudies on workers who had at least 1 year ofoccupational exposure to vinyl chloride. Thestudy indicated that cancers of the digestivesystem, respiratory system, and brain, as wellas lymphomas, were greater among peoplewho had the greatest estimated exposure tovinyl chloride.
Brandgefahr
Flammable gas; heavier than air, density
2.2 (air=D 1), flame propagation and flash back fire hazard if the container is placed
near a source of ignition; autoignition tem perature 472°C (882°F); polymerization may
occur at elevated temperatures, which may
cause possible rupture of containers; fire extinguishing measure: stop the flow of gas;
water may be used to keep fire-exposed
containers cool. Vinyl chloride may decom pose under fire conditions, producing the
toxic gases carbon monoxide and hydrogen
chloride.
Vinyl chloride forms explosive mixtures
with air in a wide range; the LEL and UEL
values are 3.6% and 33.0% by volume in
air, respectively. It may undergo oxidation by
atmospheric oxygen, producing an unstable
polyperoxide that may explode (MCA 1969).
Such a reaction is catalyzed by a variety of
contaminants.
Materials Uses
Steel is recommended for all piping, storage
tanks, and equipment used with vinyl chloride.
However, at elevated temperatures, vinyl chloride in the presence of moisture speeds its corrosion. Stainless steel is also an acceptable material to use with vinyl chloride. Copper and
copper alloys must not be used. Valves in vinyl
chloride service must not contain copper or
copper alloys. Acetylene may be present as an
impurity in vinyl chloride and can form an explosive acetyl ide when exposed to copper.
Asbestos, Teflon, lead, and carbon are satisfactory gasket materials for fittings and connections.
Sicherheitsprofil
Confirmed human
carcinogen producing liver and blood
tumors. Moderately toxic by ingestion.
Experimental teratogenic data. Experimental
reproductive effects. Human reproductive
effects by inhalation: changes in spermato-
genesis. Human mutation data reported. A
severe irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous
membranes. Causes skin burns by rapid
evaporation and consequent freezing. In
high concentration it acts as an anesthetic.
Chronic exposure has produced liver injury.
Circulatory and bone changes in the
fingertips have been reported in workers
handling unpolymerized materials.A very dangerous fire hazard when
exposed to heat, flame, or oxidzers. Large
fires of ths material are practically
inextinguishable. A severe explosion hazard
in the form of vapor when exposed to heat
or flame. Long-term exposure to air may result in formation of peroxides that can
initiate explosive polymerization of the
chloride. Can react vigorously with oxidizing
materials. Can explode on contact with
oxides of nitrogen. Obtain instructions for
its use from the supplier before storing or
handling ths material. To fight fire, stop
flow of gas. When heated to decomposition
it emits highly toxic fumes of Cl-. See also
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS,
ALIPHATIC.
m?gliche Exposition
Vinyl chloride is used as a vinyl
monomer in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (vinyl
chloride homopolymer) and other copolymer resins. It is
also used as a chemical intermediate and as a solvent.
Carcinogenicity
Vinyl chloride is known to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans.
Versand/Shipping
UN1086 Vinyl chloride, stabilized, Hazard
Class: 2.1; Labels: 2.1-Flammable gas. Cylinders must be
transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated
truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage.
The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity
allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill
them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill
compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission
of the owner.
Inkompatibilit?ten
Copper, oxidizers, aluminum, peroxides,
iron, steel. Polymerizes in air, sunlight, heat, and on
contact with a catalyst, strong oxidizers; and metals, such
as aluminum and copper unless stabilized by inhibitors,
such as phenol. Attacks iron and steel in presence of
moisture.
Waste disposal
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier. Consult with environmental regulatory
agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible
fuel. Care must be exercised to assured to assure
complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene.
An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids
produced. A variety of techniques have been described
for vinyl chloride recovery from PVC latexes.
Chlorethylen Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
