| Identification | More | [Name]
THULIUM | [CAS]
7440-30-4 | [Synonyms]
THULIUM
TM000215
TM000208
TM000205
TM000200
TM000210
TM005120
TM007910
Thulium-169
DG 18 METAL
thulium atom
THULIUM 99.9%
THULIUM METAL
Thulium, chip
Thulium, Chips
Thulium Pieces
Thulium Powder
ThuliumchipsNREO
THULIUM STANDARD
Thulium, Turnings
Thulium,99.9%,chip
Thulium foil50x50mm
Thulium foil25x25mm
Thulium Foil, 99.8%
THULIUM, CHIP, 99.9%
Thulium, Chips 99.9%
Tm Standard Solution
THULIUM ICP STANDARD
ThuliumpowderNREOmesh
Thulium, chip, 99.90%
THULIUM, INGOT, 99.9%
ThuliumTurnings,99.9%
THULIUM, 99.90%, CHIP
Thullium powder, 99.9%
THULIUM, POWDER, -840UM
Thuliumpowder(99.9%REO)
Thulium foil (99.9% REO)
Thulium chips (99.9% REO)
Thulium pieces (99.9% REO)
Ultra Thin Thulium Nanofoil
THULIUM ISO 9001：2015 REACH
ThuliumfoilNREOmmthickcagxmm
Thulium, powder, ca. 40 mesh
THULIUM: FOIL, (0.25X25X25)MM
THULIUM, AAS STANDARD SOLUTION
THULIUM SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD
ThuliumpiecesNREObrokencrystals
THULIUM PLASMA EMISSION STANDARD
THULIUM: 99.99%, DENDRITIC LUMPS
THULIUM ATOMIC STANDARD STANDARD
Thulium,99.9%,powder, ca. 40 mesh
THULIUM, PLASMA STANDARD SOLUTION
Thulium pieces, Sublimed dendritic
THULIUM, POWDER, CA. 40 MESH, 99.9%
Thulium, powder, ca. 40 mesh, 99.90%
THULIUM, 99.90%, POWDER, CA. 40 MESH
Thulium foil, 0.25mm (0.01 in.) thick
Thulium foil, 0.1mm (0.004 in.) thick
THULIUM ICP STANDARD TRACEABLE TO SRM FR
THULIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION
Thulium, AAS standard solution, Tm 1000μg/mL
THULIUM PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
THULIUM: 99.9%, POWDER, -40 MESH, UNDER ARGON
Thulium plasma standard solution, Tm 1000μg/mL
Thulium plasma standard solution, Tm 10000μg/mL
Thulium foil, 0.1mm (0.004in) thick, 99.9% (REO)
Thulium, AAS standard solution, Specpure(R), Tm 1000μg/ml
Thulium, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), Tm 1000μg/ml
Thulium, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), Tm 10,000μg/ml
Thulium pieces, sublimed dendritic, 99.9% trace rare earth metals basis | [EINECS(EC#)]
231-140-2 | [Molecular Formula]
Tm | [MDL Number]
MFCD00011281 | [Molecular Weight]
168.93 | [MOL File]
7440-30-4.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Definition]
Atomic number 69, group IIIB of
the periodic table, a rare-earth element of the lanthanide
groups, aw168.9342, valence of 3; no stable
isotopes. | [Appearance]
grey powder | [Melting point ]
1545 °C(lit.)
| [Boiling point ]
1950 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
9.332 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [solubility ]
soluble in dilute acid solutions | [form ]
powder
| [color ]
Silver-gray | [Specific Gravity]
9.332 | [Resistivity]
90 μΩ-cm, 20°C | [Water Solubility ]
slowly reacts with H2O; soluble in dilute acids [HAW93] | [Sensitive ]
Air & Moisture Sensitive | [Merck ]
13,9471 | [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppm
OSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3) | [History]
Discovered in 1879 by Cleve. Thulium
occurs in small quantities along with other rare earths in a
number of minerals. It is obtained commercially from monazite,
which contains about 0.007% of the element. Thulium is
the least abundant of the rare-earth elements, but with new
sources recently discovered, it is now considered to be about
as rare as silver, gold, or cadmium. Ion-exchange and solvent
extraction techniques have recently permitted much easier
separation of the rare earths, with much lower costs. Only a
few years ago, thulium metal was not obtainable at any cost;
in 1996 the oxide cost $20/g. Thulium metal powder now
costs $70/g (99.9%). Thulium can be isolated by reduction of
the oxide with lanthanum metal or by calcium reduction of
the anhydrous fluoride. The pure metal has a bright, silvery
luster. It is reasonably stable in air, but the metal should be
protected from moisture in a closed container. The element is
silver-gray, soft, malleable, and ductile, and can be cut with a
knife. Forty-one isotopes and isomers are known, with atomic
masses ranging from 146 to 176. Natural thulium, which is
100% 169Tm, is stable. Because of the relatively high price of the
metal, thulium has not yet found many practical applications.
169Tm bombarded in a nuclear reactor can be used as a radiation
source in portable X-ray equipment. 171Tm is potentially
useful as an energy source. Natural thulium also has possible
use in ferrites (ceramic magnetic materials) used in microwave
equipment. As with other lanthanides, thulium has a
low-to-moderate acute toxicity rating. It should be handled
with care. | [Uses]
Ferrites, X-ray source. | [CAS DataBase Reference]
7440-30-4(CAS DataBase Reference) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
Thulium (7440-30-4) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
grey chips | [Hazard]
Fire risk in form of dust. | [Physical properties]
Thulium is a naturally occurring rare metal that exists is very small amounts mixed withother rare-earths. It is a bright silvery metal that is malleable and ductile and can be cuteasily with a knife. Its melting point is so high that it is difficult to force it into a meltedstate. Its vapor pressure is also high, and thus, much of the molten thulium evaporates intothe atmosphere. Its melting point is 1,545°C, its boiling point is 2,950°C, and its density is9.32g/cm3. | [Isotopes]
There are a total of 46 isotopes of thulium. One of these, Tm-169 is the onlystable isotope of thulium and accounts for the total atomic mass of the element. All theother isotopes are artificially produced and radioactive and have half-lives ranging from afew microseconds to two years. | [Origin of Name]
Named for Thule, the Greek word for Scandinavia, the most northerly
habitable land in ancient mythology. | [Occurrence]
Thulium is the 61st most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and is found along withother rare-earths in monazite sand, which is about 50% rare-earths by weight. Only about0.007% of this is thulium. It is also found in bastnasite ore. It ranks 16th out of the 17 rareearthsin abundance. Thulium is usually found as an oxide along with other rare-earths. Likemost rare-earths, thulium can be separated from its ore by the ion-exchange process, whereits positive ion reacts with elements with negative ions like fluorine, chlorine, or oxygen toform binary compounds (e.g., Tm2O2). It can also be recovered as a by-product of the nuclearfission reaction in nuclear reactors. | [Characteristics]
Thulium is near the end of the lanthanide series, where the metals tend to be heavier thanthe ones located near the beginning of the series. It is so scarce that it requires the processing ofabout 500 tons of earth to extract four kilograms of thulium. The only element that is scarceris promethium, which is not found naturally on Earth. | [Production Methods]
Thulium is recovered from xenotime, gadolinite, euxenite, samarskite, and other minerals. The first step of recovery involves opening the ores. If xenotime, (Y)PO4 is the starting material, the mineral is heated with an excess of sulfuric acid (95%). The product mixture is treated with cold water to separate water-soluble sulfates from unreacted mineral, silica, and other insoluble residues. The solution is filtered and yttrium and the individual rare earths are separated from this solution by ion exchange. The tripositive lanthanide metal ions and yttrium are absorbed on an appropriate cation exchange column and eluted with ammonium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) at pH 8.4. The cation-exchange resin is pretreated with an equimolar mixture (1 M) of copper sulfate-sulfuric acid. The various eluate fractions are collected, and are treated with oxalic acid. The metals are precipitated as oxalates. Precipitate from the thulium fraction is calcined at 800°C to convert oxalate into oxide, Tm2O3.
If thulium is to be recovered from gadolinite, Be2Fe(Y)2Si2O10, pulverized mineral is opened by digesting with hot nitric acid-hydrochloric acid mixture. Insoluble silica residues are removed by filtration. The solution now contains beryllium, iron, yttrium, and the rare earths. The solution is treated with oxalic acid to precipitate yttrium and the rare earths. The precipitate is calcined at 800°C to form rare earth oxides. The oxide mixture is dissolved in an acid from which yttrium and the rare earths are separated by the ionexchange as above. Caustic fusion may be carried out instead of acid digestion to open the ore. Under this condition silica converts to sodium silicate and is leached with water. The insoluble residue containing rare earths and yttrium is dissolved in an acid. The acid solution is fed to an ion exchange system for separating thulium from other rare earths,
Thulium metal is prepared from its oxide by reduction with lanthanum at its melting point of 1,545°C. Thulium is separated from lanthanum by sublimation in vacuum. The metal vapor is condensed into crystalline metal in purified form free from lanthanum. |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
F,Xi,C | [Risk Statements ]
R15:Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
R17:Spontaneously flammable in air.
R36/37:Irritating to eyes and respiratory system .
R34:Causes burns.
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed . | [Safety Statements ]
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing .
S43:In case of fire, use ... (indicate in the space the precise type of fire-fighting equipment. If water increases the risk add-Never use water) .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S27:Take off immediately all contaminated clothing . | [RIDADR ]
UN 3089 4.1/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
3
| [F ]
10 | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
4.1 | [PackingGroup ]
II | [HS Code ]
28053090 |
| Questions and Answers (Q&A) | Back Directory | [Application]
Thulium products are mainly used in making crystal and lasers.
An important application of the thulium in the Medicine area, and relatively independent of its high cost, is the production of portable X-ray sources. These sources are available for about one year, as tools in medical and dental diagnosis, as well as to detect defects in mechanical and electronic inaccessible components. This type of sources does not need excessive protection. Usually a small cap of lead is enough. Thulium can also be used in magnetic and ceramic materials (ferrite), similar to the Yttrium-iron alloys, nowadays used in the microwave technologies.
Thulium Metal, is mainly used in making superalloys, and has some application in ferrites (ceramic magnetic materials) used in microwave equipment and also as a radiation source of portable X-ray. Thulium potentially has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment. it is used in arc lighting for its unusual spectrum.
 |
|
| Company Name: |
Alfa Aesar
|
| Tel: |
400-6106006 |
| Website: |
http://chemicals.thermofisher.cn |
| Company Name: |
Energy Chemical
|
| Tel: |
021-021-58432009 400-005-6266 |
| Website: |
http://www.energy-chemical.com |
|