| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
VIP | [CAS]
40077-57-4 | [Synonyms]
VIP
VIP【pig】
Apidodil
aviptidal
AVIPTADIL
VIP PORCINE
VIP【rabbit】
VIP USP/EP/BP
Aviptadil Acetate
Aviptadil impurity
Metformin glycinate
UROTENSIN-II, MOUSE
VIP (28 aMino acids)
VIP (HUMAN, PORCINE)
VIP (human, rat, mou
Aviptadil(VIP) acetate
Aviptadil Acetate（VIP）
VIP (huMan, Mouse, rat)
VIP, HUMAN, PORCINE, RAT
Rabbit Anti-VIP antibody
VIP, HUMAN, PORCINE, AND RAT
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE
VIP, human, ovine, porcine, rat
M.W. 3325.84 C147H238N44O42S
HSDAVFTDNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN-NH2
VIP, (HUMAN, PORCINE, RAT, OVINE)
VIP (HUMAN, BOVINE, PORCINE, RAT)
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal peptide)
VIP(human,bovine,porcine,rat)Acetate
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (human
Vasoactive intestinal octacosapeptide
human,rat,mouse,rabbit,canine,porcine
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE, PORCINE
Vasoactiveintestinalpeptide(Aviptadil)
PROLACTIN-RELEASING PEPTIDE (1-31),*(PRR
PROLACTIN-RELEASING PEPTIDE (1-310,*(PRR
PROLACTIN-RELEASING PEPTIDE (12-31),*(PR
VIP (HUMAN, PORCINE) (BOVINE, RAT, CANINE)
Vasoactive intestinal octacosapeptide【pig】
Vasoactive intestinal octacosapeptide (swine)
VIP, human, porcine, rat: VIP (28 amino acids)
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE (HUMAN, PORCINE)
VIP (HUMAN, RAT, MOUSE, RABBIT, CANINE, PORCINE)
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE HUMAN, PORCINE, RAT
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide human, porcine, rat,VIP
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE, HUMAN, PORCINE, AND RAT
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE, HUMAN, PORCINE, RAT, OVINE
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE (HUMAN, BOVINE, PORCINE, RAT)
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide human, porcine, rat, ≥95% (HPLC)
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE (HUMAN, PORCINE) (BOVINE, RAT, CANINE)
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE (HUMAN; RAT; MOUSE; RABBIT; CANINE; PORCINE)
Glp-His-Gly-Ala-Ala-Pro-Glu-Cys-Phe-Trp-Lys-Tyr-Cys-Ile(Cys8&Cys13 bridge)
VIP，Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (human, rat, mouse, rabbit, canine, porcine)
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide huMan, porcine, ratVasoactive Intestinal Peptide huM
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Human, Porcine, and Rat - CAS 40077-57-4 - Calbiochem
THR-ARG-LEU-ARG-LYS-GLN-MET-ALA-VAL-LYS-LYS-TYR-LEU-ASN-SER-ILE-LEU-ASN-NH2: TRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN-NH2
HIS-SER-ASP-ALA-VAL-PHE-THR-ASP-ASN-TYR-THR-ARG-LEU-ARG-LYS-GLN-MET-ALA-VAL-LYS-LYS-TYR-LEU-ASN-SER-ILE-LEU-ASN-NH2
H-HIS-SER-ASP-ALA-VAL-PHE-THR-ASP-ASN-TYR-THR-ARG-LEU-ARG-LYS-GLN-MET-ALA-VAL-LYS-LYS-TYR-LEU-ASN-SER-ILE-LEU-ASN-NH2
HIS-SER-ASP-ALA-VAL-PHE-THR-ASP-ASN-TYR-THR-ARG-LEU-ARG-LYS-GLN-MET-ALA-VAL-LYS-LYS-TYR-LEU-ASN-SER-ILE-LEU-ASN-NH2 HUMAN, PORCINE, RAT | [EINECS(EC#)]
200-001-8 | [Molecular Formula]
C147H238N44O42S | [MDL Number]
MFCD00167535 | [MOL File]
40077-57-4.mol | [Molecular Weight]
3325.8 |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Discovery]
VIP is a neuropeptide consisting of 28 aa residues, with
wide distribution in the central and peripheral nervous systems. VIP has a broad spectrum of biologic actions, and acts
as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator and also as a
hormone. VIP was first discovered as a smooth muscle-relaxant
vasodilator peptide in the lung; it was isolated from the
porcine intestine in 1970. Its original label as a
“candidate gastrointestinal hormone” was soon replaced
by its new and apparently true identity as a neuropeptide
with neurotransmitter and neuromodulator properties. | [Structure]
VIP possesses two segments of secondary structures: a
random coil structure in the N-terminal region between
positions 1 and 9, and a long α-helical structure in the
C-terminal region stretching from position 10 to its
C-terminus. The primary structure of VIP is highly conserved in
vertebrates with complete identity among mammals
except for the guinea pig and opossum. Mr 3326, pI >11. VIP is soluble in water to 20mg/mL.
 | [Gene, mRNA, and precursor]
The human VIP gene, VIP, location 6q25.2, contains
seven exons. Each exon encodes a distinct functional
domain of the VIP precursor. The VIP precursor polypeptide (preproVIP) contains several additional biologically active peptides, including peptide histidine
isoleucine (PHI, found in nonhuman mammals), peptide
histidine methionine (PHM, the human equivalent of
PHI), and peptide histidine valine (PHV, a C-terminally
extended form of PHI and PHM). | [Receptors]
VIP and PACAP share a wide spectrum of biological
activity as well as common receptors belonging to the
class II of GPCR. Three VIP or PACAP receptor types,
which are derived from different genes, are recognized,
namely VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1. Two of these receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, share a high binding affinity in
the nanomolar range for VIP and PACAP. A third receptor type, PAC1, has been characterized for its high affinity
for PACAP, but low affinity for VIP. | [Synthesis and release]
VIP gene expression is stimulated by dibutyryl cAMP
and by increased PKC activity induced by tumorpromoting phorbol esters. When acting together, cAMP
and phorbol esters synergistically stimulate VIP gene
transcription via different sites on the gene. | [Signal transduction pathway]
By binding to VIP, VPAC acts on the Gs protein and
activates PKA via elevation of AC activity and production of cAMP (cAMP-dependent pathway). PKA either
inhibits phosphorylation of the downstream MAP/ERK
kinase or promotes phosphorylation of cAMP response
element binding protein (CREB), which finally leads to
the inhibition of NF-κB. Meanwhile, studies have also
identified a pathway that inhibits the nuclear entry of
NF-κB through VPAC signaling, which inhibits IκB phosphorylation (cAMP-independent pathway). | [Biological functions]
VIP is extensively distributed in central and peripheral
tissues, where it acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator.8 The main activity of VIP is vasodilatation. VIP
induces the dilation of vessels, which results in increased
blood flow, decreased peripheral vascular resistance, and
hypotension. While VIP has a suppressive effect on the
intestinal smooth muscle, it exerts relaxant effects on
the lower esophageal sphincter, the sphincter of Oddi,
the anal sphincter, and the bronchial smooth muscle. In
the small intestine, VIP facilitates the secretion of electrolytes and aqueous liquid. In the stomach, it inhibits gastric secretion. In the pancreas, VIP facilitates the external
secretion of bicarbonic acid and aqueous liquid from pancreatic epithelial cells, and facilitates enzyme secretion
from acinar cells. VIP promotes the secretion of both insulin and glucagon in a glucose-dependent manner. VIP is
broadly distributed in the central nervous system, especially in the hypothalamus and pituitary anterior lobe,
and is associated with the regulation of pituitary hormones. VIP is produced by lymphoid tissue and exerts
a wide spectrum of immunological functions, controlling
the homeostasis of the immune system through different
receptors expressed in various immunocompetent cells. VIP acts as a growth factor. It functions as a proliferative
factor in normal tissue cells as well as in cancer cells. VIP
might inhibit apoptosis by stimulating the expression of
the apoptosis-inhibiting gene Bcl2 or by inhibiting the
activity of caspase 3. | [Clinical implications]
Various diseases have been reported to involve VIP
activity, including bronchial asthma, transmission of
pain, cluster headaches, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s
disease, and brain injury. |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [density ]
1.47±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) | [storage temp. ]
−20°C
| [solubility ]
1% acetic acid: soluble 0.1%, clear, colorless | [form ]
powder
| [color ]
White to off-white | [Water Solubility ]
Soluble to 1 mg/ml in water | [Sequence]
His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Val-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Asn-NH2 | [InChIKey]
HEOYHMUESMJFDC-RIWXPGAOSA-N |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Uses]
Pulmonary hypertension;Erectile dysfunction | [General Description]
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is widely distributed inthe body and is believed to occur throughout the gastrointestinaltract. It is a 28-residue polypeptide with structuralsimilarities to secretin and glucagon. It causes vasodilatationand increases cardiac contractibility. VIP stimulates bicarbonatesecretion, relaxes gastrointestinal and othersmooth muscles, stimulates glycogenesis, inhibits gastricacid secretion, and stimulates insulin secretion. Its hormonaland neurotransmitter role has been investigated. | [Biochem/physiol Actions]
VIP (Vasoactive intestinal peptide) possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. It controls the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. It is also involved in neuroblastoma differentiation, and pancreatic insulin secretion. Vip exhibits its function through G-protein coupled receptors. Some of the other important actions of VIP is associated with the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular and reproductive systems. | [Clinical Use]
28-peptide that is structurally related to
secretin and glucagon. It has a diverse
biological actions. It has orphan drug
status for the treatment of acute
esophageal food impaction. | [storage]
Store at -20°C |
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