| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
TRH | [CAS]
24305-27-9 | [Synonyms]
TRH
TRF
Prem
TRF1
PIN2
TERF1
TRBF1
t-TRF1
tsh-rf
THR 1-2
THR 2-3
fda1725
hTRF1-AS
Stimu TSH
Thypinone
Thyrefact
lopremone
ro8-6270/9
PROTIRELIN
TRH, HUMAN
Pyr-HP-NH2
Rifotironin
rifathyroin
synthetictrf
synthetictrh
THYROLIBERIN
Relefact TRH
Abbott 38579
GLP-HIS-PRO-NH2
PYR-HIS-PRO-NH2
PGLU-HIS-PRO-NH2
PGLU-HIS-PRO AMIDE
H-PGLU-HIS-PRO-NH2
PYROGLU-HIS-PRO NH2
tsh-releasingfactor
PROTIRELIN PH. EUR.
tsh-releasinghormone
PYR-HIS-PRO-NH2(TRH)
PYROGLU-HIS-PRO AMIDE
thyroidreleasinghormone
pglu-his-pro amide acetate
NIMA-interacting protein 2
thyrotropic-releasingfactor
thyrotropin-releasingfactor
synthetictsh-releasingfactor
pglu-his-pro amide free base
synthetictsh-releasinghormone
THYROTROPIC RELEASING HORMONE
THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE
thyrotrophin-releasing hormone
TTAGGG repeat binding factor 1
TRH (HUMAN, OVINE, PORCINE, RAT)
THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE 1-2
THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE 2-3
Thyrotropin-releasing factor (8CI)
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
Thyrotropic hormone-releasing factor
THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE, HUMAN
Thyrotropic hormone-releasing hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing horMone Acetate
Synthetic thyrotropin-releasing factor
5-oxo-l-prolyl-l-histidyl-l-prolinamid
L-PYROGLUTAMYL-L-HISTIDYL-L-PROLINAMIDE
Synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone
THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ACETATE TE
PGLU-HIS-PRO AMIDE ACETATE F & D VERSIO
l-pyroglutamyl-l-histidyl-l-prolineamide
Thyroid-stimulating hormone-releasing factor
L-Prolinamide, 5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-(9CI)
(Pyro)-L-glutamic acid-L-histidine-L-proline-NH2
Monoclonal Anti-TERF1 antibody produced in mouse
ANTI-TRF (TERF1)(C-TERMINAL) antibody produced in rabbit
Prolactoliberin, Prolactostatin, Protirelin, Thyroliberin
THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (HUMAN, OVINE, PORCINE, RAT)
4,5-DIAMINO-6-HYDROXY-2-PYRIMIDINETHIOL HEMISULFATE-1,5-HYDRATE
Anti-Telomeric Repeat Binding Factor 1 antibody produced in rabbit
pGlu-His-Pro amide, Thyroliberin, TRF, TRH, L-Pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide
Thyrotropin releasing hormone,L-Pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide, TRF, TRH, Thyroliberin, pGlu-His-Pro amide
(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-Carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxo-propan-2-yl]-5-oxo-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide | [EINECS(EC#)]
246-143-4 | [Molecular Formula]
C16H22N6O4 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00038640 | [MOL File]
24305-27-9.mol | [Molecular Weight]
362.38 |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
White or yellowish-white powder, hygroscopic. | [Melting point ]
>143°C (dec.) | [alpha ]
-50 (D/25℃) (c=1.5, H2O)-65.5 (D) (c=1.0, H2O) | [Boiling point ]
494°C (rough estimate) | [density ]
1.1675 (rough estimate) | [refractive index ]
1.6000 (estimate) | [storage temp. ]
−20°C
| [solubility ]
H2O: 10 mg/mL, clear, colorless
| [form ]
powder
| [pka]
13.05±0.20(Predicted) | [color ]
White to Off-White | [PH]
pH (10g/l, 25℃) : 3.0～4.0 | [Merck ]
13,9663 | [BRN ]
770238 | [Stability:]
Hygroscopic | [InChIKey]
ITYONPBTNRIEBA-SRVKXCTJSA-N | [CAS DataBase Reference]
24305-27-9 |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Discovery]
TRH was first isolated and characterized in 1969 by
Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally, who shared the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977 “for their
discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production
of the brain.”The biosynthesis of TRH from a precursor molecule was first clarified in 1984 by isolation of a
preproTRH cDNA from the skin of Xenopus laevis. The
structure of the TRH receptor (TRH-R) was first deduced
from a cDNA isolated from the mouse pituitary in 1990. | [Properties]
Mr 362. Soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol; partially insoluble in chloroform; completely insoluble in
ether and pyridine. Stable in solution at <15°C for more
than a year; partially (1%) degraded at 40°C for 6 months.
Resistant to proteolytic enzymes. Inactivated by diazotized sulfanilic acid (Pauly reagent). Plasma half-life is
2–6min. | [Gene, mRNA, and precursor]
TRH is synthesized from a precursor that contains
multiple copies of the TRH progenitor sequence GlnHis-Pro-Gly, which is flanked by dibasic cleavage sites
at its N- and C-termini. The number of progenitor sequences in a precursor is diversified: six in humans,
five in rats, four in chicken, seven in frogs, and six to eight
in fish. Human preproTRH gene, TRH, location 3q13.3–q21, consists of three exons. | [Synthesis and release]
TRH secretion is regulated by norepinephrine, histamine, dopamine, and serotonin. Cold-induced secretion
of TSH from the rat anterior pituitary involves
α-adrenergic regulation of TRH secretion. TRH neurons
in the PVN are negatively regulated by thyroid hormones
through a feedback mechanism. Locally produced T3 is
taken by these neurons to regulate transcription, posttranslational modification, and degradation of TRH. | [Clinical implications]
The majority of thyroid disfunction is due to primary
thyroid disease. On the other hand, central thyroid disfunction is related to a disorder of the pituitary (TSH),
hypothalamus (TRH), or hypothalamic-pituitary portal
circulation. Isolated central hypothyroidism was
reported in a patient with inactivating mutations in the
TRH-R gene. | [Receptors]
TRH-R is a seven-transmembrane-domain GPCR. Two
major types of TRH-Rs (type I receptor including TRH-R1
and TRH-R3, and type II receptor [TRH-R2]), have been
identified in vertebrates . Three and four subtypes of TRH-Rs have been identified in Xenopus laevis
and teleost species, respectively. TRH action is mediated via a membrane receptor
mainly coupled to Gq/11 protein. TRH induces the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and the activation of PKC in
target cells. | [Biological functions]
The Trh knockout mice show normal development,
but exhibit tertiary hypothyroidism and hyperglycemia
due to diminished insulin secretion. The Trh knockout
mice show defects in cerebellar long-term depression
and a motor learning deficit.The Trhr1 knockout mice
exhibit central hypothyroidism showing a decrease in
serum T3, T4, and PRL levels but not in serum TSH levels. The Trhr1 knockout mice exhibit normal growth
and development but displayed increased anxiety and
depression levels. The Trhr2 knockout mice are euthyroid with normal serum TSH levels and exhibit normal
development and growth. The mutant females exhibited
moderately increased depression and reduced anxiety
phenotypes. |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
White or yellowish-white powder, hygroscopic. | [Usage]
prothyrotropin | [Uses]
prothyrotropin | [Description]
The first hypothalamic hypophysiotropic neurohormone
identified, TRH consists of the tripeptide pGlu-His-ProNH2. It stimulates the secretion ofthyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH), and also
functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. | [Definition]
ChEBI: Protirelin is a tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a peptide hormone and a tripeptide. | [Indications]
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, or protirelin, consists
of three amino acids. TRH (Relefact TRH) is used for
tests to distinguish primary from secondary hypothyroidism. | [General Description]
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is a tripeptide hypothalamic regulatory hormone, encoded by the gene mapped to human chromosome 3q13.3-q21. TRH is expressed in a variety of organs including central nervous system (CNS) and gastrointestinal tract. | [Biochem/physiol Actions]
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates production and secretion of thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary. It also plays a vital role as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. | [Clinical Use]
TRH (200–500μg) administered intravenously to normal subjects causes a rise in TSH levels within
15–30min, resulting in an increase in T3 levels within
90–150min. In primary hypothyroidism, TSH hyperresponse to TRH occurs, with a typical elevation in the
basal TSH levels. In secondary (pituitary) hypothyroidism, an impaired TSH response to TRH occurs, whereas
in tertiary (hypothalamic) hypothyroidism normal or
increased TSH response to TRH occurs. Protirelin is used
to test the response of the anterior pituitary to TRH in
people who may have medical conditions of thyroid
function, including hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease,
and hypothyroidism. In addition, TRH has been used
to assess the ability of the prolactin secretion in the
pituitary. | [Side effects]
The peak TSH response to intravenous TRH occurs at 20 minutes. The mild and transient side effects, which occur only after intravenous TRH, include nausea, a flushing sensation, a desire to micturate, a peculiar taste, and tightness in the chest[1].
| [storage]
Store at -20°C |
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