| Identification | More | [Name]
ANTIMONY(III) SULFIDE | [CAS]
1345-04-6 | [Synonyms]
Antimonous sulfide
ANTIMONY(+3)SULFIDE
ANTIMONY(III) SULFIDE
ANTIMONY(III) SULFIDE, BLACK
ANTIMONY (II) SULFIDE
ANTIMONY OXYSULFIDE
ANTIMONY RED
ANTIMONY SULFIDE
ANTIMONY SULFIDE, OXY
ANTIMONY SULFIDE, TRI
ANTIMONY TRISULFIDE
ANTIMONY TRISULFIDE, BLACK
ANTIMONY TRISULFIDE-RED
STIBNITE
antimonyorange
antimonysesquisulfide
antimonysulfide(sb2s3)
antimonysulfides3sb2
antimonytrisulfidecolloid
antimonyvermilion | [EINECS(EC#)]
215-713-4 | [Molecular Formula]
S3Sb2 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00011217 | [Molecular Weight]
339.71 | [MOL File]
1345-04-6.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
black powder | [Melting point ]
550 °C(lit.)
| [Boiling point ]
1150 °C
| [density ]
4.64 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [refractive index ]
4.303 | [solubility ]
insoluble in H2O; soluble in concentrated HCl | [form ]
powder
| [color ]
Dark gray to black | [Specific Gravity]
4.64 | [Stability:]
Stable. Incompatible with acids (reacting to form poisonous hydrogen sulfide), moisture, water. | [Water Solubility ]
Soluble in concentrated acids. Insoluble in water. | [Crystal Structure]
Sb2S3 type | [crystal system]
Nogata | [Merck ]
14,713 | [Space group]
Pbnm | [Lattice constant]
| a/nm | b/nm | c/nm | α/o | β/o | γ/o | V/nm3 | | 1.13107 | 0.38363 | 1.12285 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 0.4872 |
| [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: TWA 0.5 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 50 mg/m3; TWA 0.5 mg/m3 | [CAS DataBase Reference]
1345-04-6(CAS DataBase Reference) | [IARC]
3 (Vol. 47) 1989 | [EPA Substance Registry System]
Antimony trisulfide (1345-04-6) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
Xn | [Risk Statements ]
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed . | [Safety Statements ]
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice . | [RIDADR ]
UN 1549 6.1/PG 3
| [WGK Germany ]
2
| [RTECS ]
CC9450000
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
6.1 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [HS Code ]
28309020 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Human blood and
gastrointestinal system effects by inhalation.
Questionable carcinogen. See also
ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS and
SULFIDES. Spontaneously flammable
when exposed to strong oxidizers.
Flammable when exposed to heat or flame.
Moderately explosive by spontaneous
reaction with chlorates, perchlorates, Cl0,
thallic oxide. When heated to decomposition
or on contact with acid or acid fumes it
emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur
and antimony. Will react with water or
steam to produce toxic and flammable
vapors. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
1345-04-6(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD i.p. in rats: 100.0 mg Sb/100 g (Bradley, Fredrick) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Hazard]
Explosion risk in contact with oxidizing
materials. Questionable carcinogen. | [Chemical Properties]
black powder | [Physical properties]
Natural stibnite is black orthorhombic crystal; or grayish-black powder; the compound also exists as an amorphous substance in yellow-red modification; distorted octahedral arrangement; density 4.64 g/cm3 for the natural stibnite and 4.12 g/cm3 for the red modification; melts at 550°C; vaporizes around 1150°C; insoluble in water (1.75mg/L at 18°C) and acetic acid; soluble in hydrochloric acid and caustic soda solution; also, soluble in alcohol, ammonium hydrosulfide and potassium sulfide. | [Occurrence]
Antimony trisulfide occurs in nature primarily as the mineral, stibnite, which consists of two parallel Sb4S6 chains linked together. It is used in fireworks; in certain types of safety matches; as a pigment in paints; and in the manufacture of ruby glass. | [Uses]
Antimony trisulfide is better known as the mineral stibnite
and is used as a yellow paint pigment and in the manufacture of ruby glass, fireworks, and
matches. It is also used to make percussion caps that set off explosives. | [Uses]
In pyrotechnics, Bengal fires; manufacture of ruby glass, matches, explosives; as a pigment in paints. | [Preparation]
The pure sulphide is obtained from its ore. Stibnite is separated from other ores by grinding and flotation. The ore is then heated to 550-600°C in a perforated vessel. The pure molten material is collected and cooled. It is also prepared by passing hydrogen sulfide into a solution of antimony trichloride:
2 SbCl3 + 3 H2S → Sb2S3 + 6 HCl
or treating antimony trichloride solution with sodium thiosulfate.
Alternatively, heating antimony metal or antimony trioxide with sulfur forms antimony trisulfide:2 Sb + 3 S → Sb2S3
2 Sb2O3 + 9 S → 2 Sb2S3 + 3 SO2
All these above preparative methods yield amorphous antimony trisulfide. | [Production Methods]
Ores with more than 40 – 60 % Sb2S3 and free from lead and arsenic often are beneficiated by heating. Because stibnite, Sb2S3, has an unusually low melting point, 546 – 548 ℃, it can be separated from the gangue by melting (liquation). Stibnite more than 90 % pure is obtained and is referred to as crude antimony. It can be sold as such for producing antimony compounds, or it can be converted to antimony metal.
The commercial product should have a striated crystalline structure and a metallic gloss, and its color should be that of graphite. These properties are attained only if the molten antimony(III) sulfide is cooled very slowly. Ores with less than 40 – 45% Sb2S3 are unsuitable for liquation because the large amount of gangue interferes and too much antimony is retained in the residue.
The ore is best fed in the form of walnutsized lumps (1 – 4 cm). If the ore is too fine, the molten Sb2S3 does not flow. The most suitable temperature range is 550 – 660 ℃ because the volatilization of the Sb2S3 (bp 1000 ℃) is prevented, and liquation is successful. Liquation is carried out in a reducing atmosphere in crucibles or in reverberatory furnaces. The main impurities in crude antimony are arsenic, lead, and iron sulfide.
| [Flammability and Explosibility]
Nonflammable | [Toxics Screening Level]
The ITSL for antimony trisulfide is 0.2 μg/m3 based on a 24 hour averaging time. |
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