| Identification | More | [Name]
Germanium oxide | [CAS]
1310-53-8 | [Synonyms]
GERMANIUM(+4)OXIDE
GERMANIUM DIOXIDE
GERMANIUM(IV) OXIDE
GERMANIUM OXIDE
GeO2
Germania
Germanic acid
Germanic oxide (crystalline)
germanicacid
germanicoxide(crystalline)
Germanium oxide (GeO2)
germaniumoxide(geo2)
germanic oxide
Germanium dioxide 99.9%
Germanium(IV) oxide (99.999%-Ge) PURATREM
Germaniumoxideelecgrwhitepowderhexagonalso
Germanium(Ⅳ) oxide
GERMANIUM(IV) OXIDE, AMORPHOUS, GLYCOL S OLUBLE, 99.99+%
GERMANIUM(IV) OXIDE, 99.998% METALS BASIS
Germanium(IV) oxide, 99.999% metals basis | [EINECS(EC#)]
215-180-8 | [Molecular Formula]
GeO2 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00011030 | [Molecular Weight]
104.64 | [MOL File]
1310-53-8.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
white powder | [Melting point ]
>400 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
6.239 g/mL at 25 °C
| [vapor pressure ]
0Pa at 25℃ | [refractive index ]
1.99 | [storage temp. ]
no restrictions. | [solubility ]
ethylene glycol: soluble
| [form ]
Powder/Flake/Crystalline/Beads/Lump, Etc. | [color ]
White | [Specific Gravity]
6.239 | [Water Solubility ]
0.4 g/100 mL | [Merck ]
14,4409 | [Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)]
pKsp: 57 | [InChIKey]
YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [LogP]
4.14 at 20℃ | [Uses]
Phosphors, transistors and diodes, infraredtransmitting
glass | [CAS DataBase Reference]
1310-53-8(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Germanium dioxide(1310-53-8) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
1310-53-8(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
Xn | [Risk Statements ]
R22:Harmful if swallowed. | [Safety Statements ]
S22:Do not breathe dust .
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes . | [WGK Germany ]
1
| [RTECS ]
LY5240000
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HS Code ]
2825 60 00 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
1310-53-8(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 i.p. in rats: 750 mg/kg, Rosenfeld, Wallace, Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 8, 466 (1953) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Description]
Germanium dioxide is the oxide of germanium, an inorganic compound, featuring the chemical formula
GeO2. It is formed as a passivation layer on pure germanium after exposure to oxygen. Germanium dioxide
generally has a low toxicity, but shows severe nephrotoxicity at higher doses. Germanium dioxide is still
offered on the market in some questionable miracle therapies. Exposure to high doses of germanium dioxide
can lead to germanium poisoning. | [Chemical Properties]
White powder, hexagonal, tetragonal,
and amorphous. | [Physical properties]
Germanium dioxide ccurs in two crystalline and one amorphous modifications: (1) a tetragonal rutile form, refractive index 2.05, density 6.24 g/cm3 at 20°C. (2) white hexagonal quartz modification, refractive index 1.735, density 4.70 g/cm3 at 18°C, and (3) a glassy amorphous form, refractive index 1.607, density 3.64 g/cm3 at 20°C. The tetragonal form is practically insoluble in water, while the hexagonal and the amorphous modifications have low solubilities; 0.45 and 0.52% respectively, at 25°C. Aqueous solutions are acidic due to formation of metagermanic acid, H2GeO3. Hexagonal modification converts to a tetragonal crystal system when heated at 350°C in water under pressure. Both crystalline forms convert to a glass-like amorphous GeO2 when heated at 1,100°C. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Notclassified | [Purification Methods]
The oxide (GeO2) is usually prepared by hydrolysing redistilled GeCl4 and igniting it in order to remove H2O and chloride. It can be further purified by dissolving in hot H2O (solubility is 4g/L cold) evaporating and drying the residual crystalline solid. When the soluble form (which is produced in H2O at 355o) is heated for 100hours, it is converted to the insoluble form. This form is stable at temperatures up to 1033o, and fusion at 1080o for 4hours causes complete de-vitrification and it reverts to the soluble form. [Müller & Blank J Am Chem Soc 46 2358 1924, Dennis & Laubengayer J Am Chem Soc 47 1945 1925, Laubengayer & Morton J Am Chem Soc 54 2303 1932, Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 706 1963.] | [Structure and conformation]
Germanium oxide ccurs in two crystalline and one amorphous modifications: (1) a tetragonal rutile form, refractive index 2.05, density 6.24 g/cm3 at 20°C. (2) white hexagonal quartz modification, refractive index 1.735, density 4.70 g/cm3 at 18°C, and (3) a glassy amorphous form, refractive index 1.607, density 3.64 g/cm3 at 20°C. The tetragonal form is practically insoluble in water, while the hexagonal and the amorphous modifications have low solubilities; 0.45 and 0.52% respectively, at 25°C. Aqueous solutions are acidic due to formation of metagermanic acid, H2GeO3. Hexagonal modification converts to a tetragonal crystal system when heated at 350°C in water under pressure. Both crystalline forms convert to a glass-like amorphous GeO2 when heated at 1,100°C. |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Uses]
Germanium oxide has high refractive index and infrared transmission, for which it is used in industrial glasses. It also is used in preparation of high purity grade germanium.
| [Preparation]
Germanium oxide is prepared by heating germanium with oxygen at elevated temperatures, or by hydrolysis of germanium(IV) halides:
GeCl4 + 2H2O → GeO2 + 4HCl
It also is prepared by oxidation of germanium(II) sulfide:
GeS + 2O2 GeO2 + SO2
The product obtained in the above reactions is in the form of hexagonal modification of GeO2.
| [Reactions]
Germanium oxide is reduced to germanium metal when heated with hydrogen at 1,000°C:
GeO2 + 2H2 → Ge + 2H2O
When heated with germanium, the dioxide is reduced to monoxide, GeO:
GeO2 + Ge 2GeO
Treatment with hydrochloric acid yields germanium(IV) chloride:
GeO2 + 4HCl → GeCl4 + 2H2O
In a strongly acidic solution, its reaction with hydrogen sulfide yields an amorphous modification of germanium(IV) sulfide, GeS2.
Melting a mixture of germanium dioxide and metal oxides produces orthoand metagermanates of the corresponding metals. Aqueous solutions of germanate react with molybdic and tungstic acids forming heteropoly acids of varying compositions. |
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