| Identification | More | [Name]
Valeric acid | [CAS]
109-52-4 | [Synonyms]
1-BUTANECARBOXYLIC ACID
CARBOXYLIC ACID C5
FEMA 3101
N-PENTANOIC ACID
N-VALERIC ACID
PENTANE ACID
PENTANOIC-2,2-D2 ACID
PENTANOIC ACID
PROPYLACETIC ACID
RARECHEM AL BO 0179
VALERIANIC ACID
VALERIC ACID
1-pentanoic acid
acidevalerique
Baldriansαure
Butanecarboxylic acid
butanecarboxylicacid
Kyselina valerova
kyselinavalerova
NA 1760 | [EINECS(EC#)]
203-677-2 | [Molecular Formula]
C5H10O2 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00004413 | [Molecular Weight]
102.13 | [MOL File]
109-52-4.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Colorless liquid; penetrating odor and
taste. Soluble in water,
alcohol and ether. Undergoes reactions typical of
normal monobasic organic acids. Combustible. | [Melting point ]
−20-−18 °C(lit.)
| [Boiling point ]
110-111 °C10 mm Hg(lit.)
| [density ]
0.939 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [vapor density ]
3.5 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
0.15 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
| [FEMA ]
3101 | [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.408(lit.)
| [Fp ]
192 °F
| [storage temp. ]
Store below +30°C. | [solubility ]
40g/l | [form ]
Liquid | [pka]
4.84(at 25℃) | [color ]
Clear colorless to pale yellow | [Odor]
at 1.00 % in propylene glycol. sickening putrid acidic sweaty rancid | [PH]
2.7 (40g/l, H2O, 20℃) | [explosive limit]
1.8-7.3%(V) | [Odor Threshold]
0.000037ppm | [Odor Type]
cheesy | [Water Solubility ]
40 g/L (20 ºC) | [JECFA Number]
90 | [Merck ]
14,9904 | [BRN ]
969454 | [Dielectric constant]
2.7（20℃） | [LogP]
1.8 at 25℃ | [Uses]
valeric acid is obtained from valerian extract, which is considered skin conditioning. | [CAS DataBase Reference]
109-52-4(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Pentanoic acid(109-52-4) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
109-52-4(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
C | [Risk Statements ]
R34:Causes burns.
R52/53:Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment . | [Safety Statements ]
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet . | [RIDADR ]
UN 3265 8/PG 3
| [WGK Germany ]
1
| [RTECS ]
YV6100000
| [F ]
13 | [Autoignition Temperature]
707 °F | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
8 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [HS Code ]
29156090 | [Safety Profile]
Moderately toxic by
ingestion, intravenous, and subcutaneous
routes. Mildly toxic by inhalation. A
corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous
membranes. Combustible liquid. When
heated to decomposition it emits acrid
smoke and irritating fumes. Used in
perfumes. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
109-52-4(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 i.v. in mice: 1290 ±53 mg/kg (Or, Wretlind) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
A colorless liquid with a penetrating unpleasant odor. Density 0.94 g/cm3. Freezing point-93.2°F (-34°C). Boiling point 365.7°F (185.4°C). Flash point 192°F (88.9°F). Corrosive to metals and tissue. | [Reactivity Profile]
PENTANOIC ACID(109-52-4) is a carboxylic acid. Exothermically neutralizes bases, both organic and inorganic, producing water and a salt. Can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Reacts with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by reaction with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Reacts with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates and dithionites to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to generate a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. May initiate polymerization reactions. May catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Water soluble. | [Health Hazard]
Corrosive. Very destructive to tissues of the mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and skin. Symptoms may include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting. Extremely destructive to skin. May be absorbed through the skin. | [Fire Hazard]
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors and toxic gases, such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, may be formed when involved in fire. | [Chemical Properties]
Colorless liquid; penetrating odor and
taste. Soluble in water,
alcohol and ether. Undergoes reactions typical of
normal monobasic organic acids. Combustible. | [Chemical Properties]
Valeric acid has an unpleasant odor and flavor, similar to butyric acid. May consist of one or a mixture of isomers of
n-pentanoic acid and/or 2- or 3-methyl-butanoic acid. | [Occurrence]
The acid is not too common in nature; reported (as the corresponding ester) found in the essential oil of Boronia
anemonifolia, in pineapple fruits and in other plants; also identified as acid or the corresponding ester in the essential oil of lemon petitgrain.
Also reported found in apple, apple juice, banana, orange juice, bilberry, cranberry, strawberry, raspberry, papaya, grapes, celery,
onion, baked potato, tomato, corn mint oil, breads, cheeses, milk, yogurt, butter, cheddar cheese, lean and fatty fish, fish oil, cooked
meats, hop oil, beer, rum, whiskies, grape wines, cocoa, tea, roasted filberts, peanuts and pecans, honey, soybeans, coconut meat and
milk, cloudberry, passion fruit, starfruit, trassi, mango, jackfruit, licorice, calamus, sake, buckwheat, watercress, laurel, peated malt,
wort, kiwifruit, loquat, Bourbon vanilla, shrimps, oyster, scallop, cape gooseberry, sea buckthorn, Chinese quince and maté. | [Definition]
ChEBI: A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms. | [Preparation]
By oxidation of n-amyl alcohol or, together with other isomers, by distillation of valerian roots; also by reacting butyl
bromide and sodium cyanide with subsequent saponification of the formed butyl nitrile. | [Aroma threshold values]
Detection: 940 ppb to 3 ppm | [Taste threshold values]
Taste characteristics at 100 ppm: acidic, dairy-like with milky and cheese nuances. | [Synthesis Reference(s)]
Synthetic Communications, 26, p. 165, 1996 DOI: 10.1080/00397919608003877
Tetrahedron Letters, 31, p. 1257, 1990 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)88779-1
Tetrahedron, 40, p. 3635, 1984 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)88794-9 | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Nonflammable | [Purification Methods]
Water is removed from the acid by distillation using a Vigreux column (p 11), until the boiling point reaches 183o. A few crystals of KMnO4 are added, and after refluxing, the distillation is continued. [Andrews & Keefer J Am Chem Soc 83 3708 1961, Beilstein 2 H 299, 2 I 130, 2 II 263, 2 III 663, 2 IV 868.] |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Description]
Valeric acid (also pentanoic acid) is a straight chain alkyl carboxylic acid.
Valeric acid is mainly used for the synthesis of its esters used in foods, perfume, and cosmetics. Valeric acid is used as an intermediate for applications including ester type lubricants (in aviation turbine oils, fire-resistance hydraulic fluids, and refrigerator oils), plasticizers (dipropyl heptyl phthalate), vinyl stabilizers, and specialty chemicals. It is also used as an odorant in pesticide formulations for use on crops.
| [References]
[1] http://www.chemicalland21.com
[2] Patent CA 2496307 C: High viscosity synthetic ester lubricant base stock
[3] https://www.icis.com
[4] Christopher G. Morris (1992) Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology
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