Acute toxicity - Category 3, Oral

Acute toxicity - Category 2, Dermal

Acute toxicity - Category 3, Inhalation

H300 Fatal if swallowed

H310 Fatal in contact with skin

H330 Fatal if inhaled

P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P320 Specific treatment is urgent (see … on this label).

P330 Rinse mouth.

P301+P310 IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P302+P350 IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.

P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

P405 Store locked up.

P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.

P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling.

P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P262 Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.

P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/...

P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P301+P316 IF SWALLOWED: Get emergency medical help immediately.

P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label).

P330 Rinse mouth.

P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/...

P316 Get emergency medical help immediately.

P361+P364 Take off immediately all contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.

P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

P405 Store locked up.

P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.

P501 Dispose of contents/container to an appropriate treatment and disposal facility in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and product characteristics at time of disposal.

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Move the victim into fresh air. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If not breathing, give artificial respiration and consult a doctor immediately. Do not use mouth to mouth resuscitation if the victim ingested or inhaled the chemical.

Take off contaminated clothing immediately. Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a doctor.

Rinse with pure water for at least 15 minutes. Consult a doctor.

Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Call a doctor or Poison Control Center immediately.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include restlessness, anxiety, fear, throbbing headache, tremor, weakness, dizziness, palpitations, cerebral hemorrhage and cardiac arrhythmias. Other symptoms may include pallor, tenseness and respiratory difficulty. The blood pressure is markedly raised initially but may be below normal later, and may be accompanied by persistent anuria. Exposure may also result in ventricular fibrillation, dyspnea, hyperglycemia, tachycardia, coldness of the extremities and pulmonary edema. Exposure may also result in convulsions, nausea and vomiting, chills, cyanosis, irritability, fever, nervousness, suicidal behavior, mania, blurred vision, opisthotonus, spasms, gasping respiration, coma, respiratory failure and, rarely, death. Contact with this compound may cause irritation. It may also cause contact dermatitis. Inhalation may cause bronchial irritation, sleeplessness and rapid heartbeat. It may also cause epigastric pain. Inhalation or injection of the decomposed chemical will cause a psychosis-like state with hallucinations and morbid fears. Prolonged nasal use leads to chronic nasal congestion. Facial flushing has been reported. Other symptoms of exposure include faintness, trembling, perspiration and extrasystoles. Eye effects include epithelial disturbances such as allergy or contact sensitivity characterized by itching and burning sensation, epiphora and hyperemia of the conjunctiva and lids; reactive hyperemia, tiny black or dark-brown deposits in the conjunctiva, "black cornea", epithelial edema and, rarely, follicular conjunctivitis, white keratinized plaque in the conjunctiva, ocular pemphigoid, loss of eyelashes, excessive tearing and persistent meibomianitis. Other eye effects include corneal endothelial disturbances such as dilated pupils and corneal edema; retinopathy and choroidopathy; lens changes and intraocular pressure. Eye inflammation also occurs. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is highly toxic by ingestion. It may be fatal by inhalation or skin absorption. It may cause irritation. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. (NTP, 1992)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. Poisons A and B

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing mist, gas or vapours.Avoid contacting with skin and eye. Use personal protective equipment.Wear chemical impermeable gloves. Ensure adequate ventilation.Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.Keep people away from and upwind of spill/leak.

Prevent further spillage or leakage if it is safe to do so. Do not let the chemical enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Collect and arrange disposal. Keep the chemical in suitable and closed containers for disposal. Remove all sources of ignition. Use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment. Adhered or collected material should be promptly disposed of, in accordance with appropriate laws and regulations.

Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

Epinephrine injection should be stored at room temperature (approximately 25 deg C).

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Ensure adequate ventilation. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Set up emergency exits and the risk-elimination area.

Wear tightly fitting safety goggles with side-shields conforming to EN 166(EU) or NIOSH (US).

Wear fire/flame resistant and impervious clothing. Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Wash and dry hands. The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it.

If the exposure limits are exceeded, irritation or other symptoms are experienced, use a full-face respirator.

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This chemical darkens slowly on exposure to air and light. Water insoluble. Readily soluble in aqueous solutions of inorganic acids. Solutions undergo oxidation in the presence of oxygen.

In some commercially available injections, the air has been replaced with nitrogen to avoid oxidation. Withdrawal of doses from multiple-dose vials introduces air into the vials, subjecting the remaining epinephrine to oxidation. Oxidation of the drug imparts first a pink, then a brown color; epinephrine preparations must not be used if they have a pinkish or darker than slightly yellow color or contain a precipitate.

EPINEPHRINE is incompatible with oxidizers, alkalis, copper, iron, silver, zinc and other metals; gum and tannin. It is also incompatible with acids, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. It reacts with salts of sulfurous acid (NTP, 1992).

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When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

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PURE CULTURE: Mycobacterium smegmatis, M. vaccae, M. parafortiutum, and M. chitae with known pyrocatechase activity were tested for their activity on epinephrine; the compound was not affected by these bacteria(1).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated in fish for epinephrine(SRC), using a log Kow of -2.59(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of epinephrine can be estimated to be 73(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that epinephrine is expected to have high mobility in soil. The pKa1 of epinephrine is 8.28(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

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The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.

Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.

ADR/RID: UN2811 (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: UN2811 (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: UN2811 (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: I (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: I (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: I (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: No

IMDG: No

IATA: No

no data available

no data available