General Description

Mogroside V, a compound from Siraitia grosvenorii, demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the miR-21-5p/SPRY1 axis to alleviate lung inflammation. It inhibits pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6, while upregulating SPRY1 expression. The modulation of miR-21-5p directly influences SPRY1 levels, impacting inflammatory responses. This mechanism involves the dual roles of miR-21-5p and SPRY1 in regulating fibroblast growth factor pathways in lung fibroblasts. Overall, Mogroside V's ability to downregulate miR-21-5p and enhance SPRY1 presents a promising molecular approach for anti-inflammatory therapy, highlighting its potential for future therapeutic interventions targeting the miR-21-5p/SPRY1 axis in combating inflammation.

Figure 1. Mogroside V

Anti-inflammatory Activity

Mogroside V, the primary active compound found in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle), has garnered attention for its diverse pharmacological properties. While initially recognized for its antioxidative and antidiabetic activities, recent research has highlighted its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. Studies have indicated that mogroside V exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in alleviating airway inflammation and acute lung injury. By reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and protecting lung tissue from damage, mogroside V has shown promise in mitigating lung inflammation induced by various triggers. Furthermore, experiments conducted on RAW 264.7 cells have revealed that mogroside V can effectively reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by inflammatory stimuli. This mechanism, along with its ability to modulate the inflammation of macrophages, underscores the compound's valuable anti-inflammatory biological properties. The metabolic pathway of mogroside V in vivo further supports its role in combating inflammation, as evidenced by the identification of its metabolites in the lungs following administration. Specifically, the conversion of mogroside V into active components like mogroside IIE contributes to its anti-inflammatory actions within the pulmonary system. Overall, the accumulating evidence suggests that mogroside V holds significant potential as an adjuvant for treating lung inflammation. Its ability to target key inflammatory pathways and mitigate oxidative stress signifies mogroside V as a promising candidate for further exploration in the realm of anti-inflammatory therapeutics. ¹

Mechanism of Action

Mogroside V, derived from the edible plant Siraitia grosvenorii, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Recent research has highlighted the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating the inflammatory response, prompting an investigation into whether the anti-inflammatory effect of MV is linked to miRNAs and its underlying mechanisms. The findings revealed that Mogroside V effectively alleviates lung inflammation by targeting the miR-21-5p/SPRY1 axis. In the study, MV was found to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and nitric oxide, along with the protein expression of p-P65/P65, COX-2, and iNOS in asthmatic mice and LPS-treated cells. This effect was associated with a decrease in miR-21-5p expression, leading to an increase in SPRY1 expression. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-21-5p or knockdown of SPRY1 reversed Mogroside V's protective effect on inflammatory responses, while inhibition of miR-21-5p or overexpression of SPRY1 enhanced MV's anti-inflammatory effect. The study also identified miR-21-5p as a key miRNA involved in Mogroside V's anti-inflammatory activity and established its target gene as SPRY1. Notably, the dual-luciferase assay confirmed the direct targeting of SPRY1 by miR-21-5p in cells. Moreover, it was observed that SPRY1 acts as an antagonist of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways and plays a crucial role in lung fibroblasts. NOverall, the research demonstrates that Mogroside V exerts a significant anti-inflammatory effect by downregulating miR-21-5p and upregulating SPRY1, suggesting that targeting the miR-21-5p/SPRY1 axis may offer a promising molecular approach for anti-inflammatory therapy. These findings shed light on the intricate mechanism through which MV mitigates inflammation, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions leveraging the miR-21-5p/SPRY1 axis. ²

Reference

1. Shen J, Shen D, Tang Q, Li Z, Jin X, Li C. Mogroside V exerts anti-inflammatory effects on fine particulate matter-induced inflammation in porcine alveolar macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro. 2022;80:105326.

2. Han M, Liu H, Liu G, et al. Mogroside V alleviates inflammation response by modulating miR-21-5P/SPRY1 axis. Food Funct. 2024;15(4):1909-1922.