Cell viability is performed using an MTT assay. In brief, cells are seeded at a density of 5000-7000 cells/well in a 96-well plates following to 24 h incubation. On the following day the media are removed and the cells are treated with either vehicle as a negative control or various concentrations of HS-173 (0.5-10 μM) following an incubation for 24, 48, or 72 h. After incubation of respective time 10% of an MTT solution (2 mg/mL) is added to each well and the cells are incubated for another 4 h at 37°C. The formazan crystals that formed are dissolved in DMSO (100 or 300 μL/well) with constant shaking for 5 min. The absorbance of the plate is then read with a microplate reader at 540 nm. Three replicate wells are evaluated for each analysis.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Male BALB/c mice (4 week old, weighing 18-20 g) are fed with standard rat chow and tap water ad libitum, and are maintained with a 12 h dark/light cycle at 21°C. After one week of adaptation period, Panc-1 cells (5×10⁶ cells/mice) are inoculated in the right flank of the mouse. After reaching an average tumor volume of 50 mm³, mice are randomly divided into two groups with five mice in each group; the control group is treated with vehicle and the experimental group is treated with HS-173 (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally thrice a week for 26 days. The body weight and tumor size are measured thrice a week. At the end of the experiment, mice are sacrificed and primary tumor is harvested. Tumors are weighed, photographed, and divided into two parts for Western blot and IHC analysis. For IHC analysis, tissues are immediately fixed in 4% PFA for overnight and for Western blotting analysis, tissues are snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

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