Normal human BSM cells (hBSMCs) are maintained in SmBM medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum, 0.5 ng/mL human epidermal growth factor (hEGF), 5 μg/mL insulin, 2 ng/mL human fibroblast growth factor-basic (hFGF-b), 50 μg/mL gentamicin, and 50 ng/mL amphotericin B. Cells are maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere (5% CO₂), fed every 48 to 72 hours, and passaged when cells reached 90 to 95% confluence. Then the hBSMCs (passages 7-9) are seeded in 6-well plates and 8-well chamber slides at a density of 3,500 cells/cm2 and, when 80 to 85% confluence observed, cells are cultured without serum for 24 hours before addition of recombin is ant human IL-13. AS1517499 (100 nM) or its vehicle (0.3% DMSO) is treated 30 minutes before the addition of IL-13 (100 ng/mL). In some experiments, AS1517499 is treated 0 (co-incubation), 3, or 12 hours after the addition of IL-13. In another series of experiments, a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (1 μM) or its vehicle (0.3% DMSO) is also applied 15 minutes before the IL-13 application. At the indicated time after the IL-13 treatment, cells are washed with PBS, immediately collected, and disrupted with 1× SDS sample buffer (250 μL/well), and used for Western blot analyses^[2].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Mice^[2]
Male BALB/c mice are used. Preparation of a murine model of allergic bronchial asthma, which has an in vivo AHR, is performed. In brief, BALB/c mice (8 wk of age) are actively sensitized by intraperitoneal injections of 8 μg ovalbumin (OVA) with 2 mg Imject Alum on Day 0 and Day 5. The sensitized mice are challenged with aerosolized OVA-saline solution (5 mg/mL) for 30 minutes on Days 12, 16, and 20. A control group of mice received the same immunization procedure but inhaled saline aerosol instead of OVA challenge. The aerosol is generated with an ultrasonic nebulizer and introduced to a Plexiglas chamber box (130×200 mm, 100 mm height) in which the mice are placed. Animals also received intraperitoneal injection with AS1517499 (1 or 10 mg/kg/d; dissolved in 20% DMSO in saline) or its vehicle 1 hour before each antigen inhalation (Days 12, 16, and 20). Twenty-four hours after the last OVA challenge, mice are killed by exsanguination from abdominal aorta under urethane (1.6 g/kg, intraperitoneally) anesthesia.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• [1]. Nagashima S, et al. Synthesis and evaluation of 2-{[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl]amino}pyrimidine-5-carboxamide derivatives as novel STAT6 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Jan 15;15(2):1044-55.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Chiba Y, et al. A novel STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 ameliorates antigen-induced bronchial hypercontractility in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009 Nov;41(5):516-24.  [Content Brief]