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  2. Anti-infection Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Bacterial HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Antibiotic
  4. Gramicidin A

Gramicidin A 是 Gramicidin 的一種肽成分，是一種抗生素（antibiotic）的混合物，最初從 B. brevis 中分離得到。 Gramicidin A 是一種高度疏水的通道形成離子載體，在人工膜中形成一價(jià)陽(yáng)離子可滲透的通道。Gramicidin A 誘導(dǎo)缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子 1α (HIF-1α) 的降解。

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Custom Peptide Synthesis

Gramicidin A Chemical Structure

Gramicidin A Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 11029-61-1

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1 mg ￥1080
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5 mg ￥2700
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Other Forms of Gramicidin A:

MCE 顧客使用本產(chǎn)品發(fā)表的 1 篇科研文獻(xiàn)

查看 HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase 亞型特異性產(chǎn)品:

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  • 生物活性

  • 純度 & 產(chǎn)品資料

  • 參考文獻(xiàn)

生物活性

Gramicidin A is a peptide component of gramicidin, an antibiotic mixture originally isolated from B. brevis. Gramicidin A is a highly hydrophobic channel-forming ionophore that forms channels in model membranes that are permeable to monovalent cations. Gramicidin A induces degradation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α)[1][2].

IC50 & Target

HIF-1α[2]
體外研究
(In Vitro)

Gramicidin A displays potent broad-spectrum antibiotic activity against Gram-positive strains, even multidrug-resistant strains[1].
Gramicidin A has the disadvantage of high hemolytic activity[1].
Gramicidin A (0.1 nM-10 μM, 72 h) reduces the viability of RCC cell lines and affects cell viability comparable to Monensin (HY-N4302)[2].
Gramicidin A cellular sensitivity is significantly altered by neither VHL nor HIF-1α expression[2].
Gramicidin A (1 and 10 μM, 48 or 72 h) induces nonapoptotic cell death in RCC cells[2].
Gramicidin A (0-10 μM, 24 h) depletes cellular energy and induces metabolic dysfunction in RCC cells[2].
Gramicidin A (0-1 μM, 24-72 h) reduces HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein expression, reduces HIF transcriptional activity and target gene expression (24 h)[3]

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay[2]

Cell Line: A498, 786-O, Caki-1, SN12C, ACHN, UMRC6, UMRC6+VHL, HEK293T+pcDNA3, HEK293T+HA-HIF-1α, HEK293T+HA-HIF-1α-mut
Concentration: 0.1 nM-10 μM
Incubation Time: 72 h
Result: Reduced the viability with IC50s of 0.420, 0.430, 0.228, 0.104, 0.783, 0.253, 0.425, 0.057, 0.058 and 0.067 μM against A498, 786-O, Caki-1, SN12C, ACHN, UMRC6, UMRC6+VHL, HEK293T+pcDNA3, HEK293T+HA-HIF-1α, HEK293T+HA-HIF-1α-mut cells, respectively.

Western Blot Analysis[2][3]

Cell Line: 786-O, SN12C, Caki-1, ACHN
Concentration: 1 and 10 μM or 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μM
Incubation Time: 24, 48 or 72 h
Result: PARP cleavage was not detected. Increased the phosphorylation of AMPKα and its substrate ACC at both 24 and 48 hours. Reduced HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein expression. Hypoxic expression of CA-IX, GLUT-1, and GAPDH were all decreased in a dose-dependent manner.

RT-PCR[3]

Cell Line: SN12C, Caki-1, ACHN
Concentration: 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Significantly altered transcript expression for only HIF-2α in SN12C cells.
體內(nèi)研究
(In Vivo)

Gramicidin A (0.11 mg/kg; intratumoral injection; twice weekly for 14 days) inhibits the growth of RCC tumor xenografts[2].
Gramicidin A (0.22 mg/kg; intratumoral injection; thrice weekly for 26 days) inhibits the growth and angiogenesis of VHL-expressing RCC tumor xenografts[3].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Female hairless Nu/J mice, 6- to 8-week old, injected subcutaneously with a suspension of SN12C cells (1.0 × 106) in a 50% growth factor–reduced Matrigel solution[2]
Dosage: 0.11 mg/kg body weight
Administration: Intratumoral injection, twice weekly for 14 days
Result: The average tumor mass was reduced by approximately 40% without significant toxicity.
Animal Model: Female hairless 6- to 8-week-old Nu/J mice, injected subcutaneously with a suspension of Caki-1-td-Tomato cells (1.5 × 106) in a 50% growth factor-reduced Matrigel solution[3].
Dosage: 0.22 mg/kg
Administration: Intratumoral injection, thrice weekly for 26 days
Result: Inhibited tumor growth. HIF-2α and GAPDH protein expression was substantially reduced.
分子量

1882.29

Formula

C99H140N20O17
CAS 號(hào)
性狀

固體

顏色

White to off-white

Sequence

{For}-Val-Gly-Ala-{D-Leu}-Ala-{D-Val}-Val-{D-Val}-Trp-{D-Leu}-Trp-{D-Leu}-Trp-{D-Leu}-Trp-{NHCH2CH2OH}
運(yùn)輸條件

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
儲(chǔ)存方式

Sealed storage, away from moisture

Powder -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

溶解性數(shù)據(jù)
細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)： 

DMSO 中的溶解度 : 100 mg/mL (53.13 mM; 超聲加熱助溶; 吸濕的 DMSO 對(duì)產(chǎn)品的溶解度有顯著影響，請(qǐng)使用新開(kāi)封的 DMSO)

配制儲(chǔ)備液
濃度 溶劑體積 質(zhì)量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 0.5313 mL 2.6563 mL 5.3127 mL
5 mM 0.1063 mL 0.5313 mL 1.0625 mL
查看完整儲(chǔ)備液配制表

* 請(qǐng)根據(jù)產(chǎn)品在不同溶劑中的溶解度選擇合適的溶劑配制儲(chǔ)備液；一旦配成溶液，請(qǐng)分裝保存，避免反復(fù)凍融造成的產(chǎn)品失效。
儲(chǔ)備液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)。-80°C儲(chǔ)存時(shí)，請(qǐng)?jiān)?個(gè)月內(nèi)使用，-20°C儲(chǔ)存時(shí)，請(qǐng)?jiān)?個(gè)月內(nèi)使用。

  • 摩爾計(jì)算器

  • 稀釋計(jì)算器

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

質(zhì)量
=
濃度
×
體積
×
分子量 *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

濃度 (start)

C1

×
體積 (start)

V1

=
濃度 (final)

C2

×
體積 (final)

V2

動(dòng)物溶解方案計(jì)算器
請(qǐng)輸入動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的基本信息：

給藥劑量

mg/kg

動(dòng)物的平均體重

g

每只動(dòng)物的給藥體積

μL

動(dòng)物數(shù)量

只
由于實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程有損耗，建議您多配一只動(dòng)物的量
計(jì)算結(jié)果
工作液所需濃度 : mg/mL
純度 & 產(chǎn)品資料

純度: 98.1%

參考文獻(xiàn)

完整儲(chǔ)備液配制表

* 請(qǐng)根據(jù)產(chǎn)品在不同溶劑中的溶解度選擇合適的溶劑配制儲(chǔ)備液；一旦配成溶液，請(qǐng)分裝保存，避免反復(fù)凍融造成的產(chǎn)品失效。
儲(chǔ)備液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)。-80°C儲(chǔ)存時(shí)，請(qǐng)?jiān)?個(gè)月內(nèi)使用，-20°C儲(chǔ)存時(shí)，請(qǐng)?jiān)?個(gè)月內(nèi)使用。

可選溶劑 濃度 溶劑體積 質(zhì)量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 0.5313 mL 2.6563 mL 5.3127 mL 13.2817 mL
5 mM 0.1063 mL 0.5313 mL 1.0625 mL 2.6563 mL
10 mM 0.0531 mL 0.2656 mL 0.5313 mL 1.3282 mL
15 mM 0.0354 mL 0.1771 mL 0.3542 mL 0.8854 mL
20 mM 0.0266 mL 0.1328 mL 0.2656 mL 0.6641 mL
25 mM 0.0213 mL 0.1063 mL 0.2125 mL 0.5313 mL
30 mM 0.0177 mL 0.0885 mL 0.1771 mL 0.4427 mL
40 mM 0.0133 mL 0.0664 mL 0.1328 mL 0.3320 mL
50 mM 0.0106 mL 0.0531 mL 0.1063 mL 0.2656 mL
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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產(chǎn)品名稱(chēng)：
Gramicidin A
目錄號(hào)：
HY-P2324
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