Lithocholic acid (Synonyms: 石膽酸)

目錄號: HY-B0172 純度: 99.99%: FAQs
Data Sheet SDS COA 產(chǎn)品使用指南技術(shù)支持

Lithocholic acid 是有毒的次級膽汁酸，能促使肝內(nèi)膽汁淤積，能促進腫瘤發(fā)生。Lithocholic acid 也是一種 FXR 拮抗劑和 PXR/SXR 激動劑。

MCE 的所有產(chǎn)品僅用作科學(xué)研究或藥證申報，我們不為任何個人用途提供產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)

Lithocholic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 434-13-9

1. 客戶無需承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的運輸費用。

2. 同一機構(gòu)（單位）同一產(chǎn)品試用裝僅限申領(lǐng)一次，同一機構(gòu)（單位）一年內(nèi)

可免費申領(lǐng)三個不同產(chǎn)品的試用裝。

3. 試用裝只面向終端客戶。

規(guī)格	價格	是否有貨
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	￥500	In-stock
50 mg	￥106	In-stock
500 mg	￥400	In-stock
1 g	￥600	In-stock
5 g	￥960	In-stock
10 g		詢價
50 g		詢價

or 大包裝詢價

* Please select Quantity before adding items.

Customer Review

Other Forms of Lithocholic acid:

MCE 顧客使用本產(chǎn)品發(fā)表的 13 篇科研文獻

•Nature. 2024 Dec 18.
•Cell Res. 2019 Mar;29(3):193-205. [Abstract]
•Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Feb 14;32(2):191-208.e9. [Abstract]
•Pharmacol Res. 2023 Aug 30;106902. [Abstract]
•Cell Prolif. 2023 Apr 26.
•J Transl Med. 2023 Aug 30;21(1):581. [Abstract]
•J Invest Dermatol. 19 November 2021.
•Br J Pharmacol. 2019 Jul;176(13):2162-2178. [Abstract]
•Aquaculture. 2023 Sep 18, 740123.
•Food Funct. 2021 Feb 23. [Abstract]
•Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Jul 14;120:253-260. [Abstract]
•Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 30;7(1):9967. [Abstract]

•Am J Hypertens. 2022 Jul 6. [Abstract]

Lithocholic acid 相關(guān)產(chǎn)品

•相關(guān)化合物庫:

•同靶點產(chǎn)品:

•同靶點蛋白產(chǎn)品:

生物活性
純度 & 產(chǎn)品資料
參考文獻

生物活性

Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis. Lithocholic acid is also a FXR antagonist and a PXR/SXR agonist^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5].

IC₅₀ & Target

Microbial Metabolite

Human Endogenous Metabolite

細胞效力
(Cellular Effect)

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
Caco-2	IC₅₀	56 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity against human Caco2 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human Caco2 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24332653]
CHO	EC₅₀	0.58 μM Compound: 6, LCA	Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay	[PMID: 18307294]
CHO	EC₅₀	5.6 μM Compound: LCA	Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 19911773]
COS-1	EC₅₀	20 μM Compound: 6, LCA	Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase assay Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase assay	[PMID: 18307294]
COS-1	EC₅₀	6.7 μM Compound: LCA	Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 19911773]
DLD-1	IC₅₀	173.1 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity against human DLD1 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human DLD1 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25685308]
Erythrocyte	IC₅₀	0.009 mg/mL Compound: L	Hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes assessed as release of hemoglobin after 60 mins Hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes assessed as release of hemoglobin after 60 mins	[PMID: 24461290]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	81.1 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25685308]
HCT-8	IC₅₀	97.4 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25685308]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.68 μM Compound: 1, LCA	Agonist activity at human GPBAR1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular cAMP level after 30 mins by cAMP-Glo assay Agonist activity at human GPBAR1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular cAMP level after 30 mins by cAMP-Glo assay	[PMID: 25735208]
HEK-293T	EC₅₀	2.14 μM Compound: LCA	Agonist activity at VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay Agonist activity at VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay	[PMID: 26774929]
HEK-293T	IC₅₀	46.7 μM Compound: LCA	Antagonist activity against VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay Antagonist activity against VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay	[PMID: 26774929]
HepG2	EC₅₀	50 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 4 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 4 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay	[PMID: 27652492]
HepG2	EC₅₀	50 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as induction of cell necrosis incubated for 4 hrs by LDH release assay Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as induction of cell necrosis incubated for 4 hrs by LDH release assay	[PMID: 27652492]
HET-1A	CC₅₀	25 μM Compound: 35, LCA	Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20713311]
HT-1080	IC₅₀	23 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24332653]
HT-29	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human Huh-7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human Huh-7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
LoVo	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human LoVo cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human LoVo cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
MGC-803	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human MGC-803 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human MGC-803 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
NCI-H716	EC₅₀	5 μM Compound: LCA	Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in NCI-H716 cells assessed as cAMP level after 60 mins by FRET analysis Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in NCI-H716 cells assessed as cAMP level after 60 mins by FRET analysis	[PMID: 24900463]
PC-3	IC₅₀	50 μM Compound: 1, LCA	Antagonist activity at EphA2 in human PC3 cells assessed as inhibition of ephrin-A1-Fc-stimulated EphA2 phosphorylation pretreated for 20 mins by sandwich ELISA Antagonist activity at EphA2 in human PC3 cells assessed as inhibition of ephrin-A1-Fc-stimulated EphA2 phosphorylation pretreated for 20 mins by sandwich ELISA	[PMID: 23489211]
RKO	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human RKO cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human RKO cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
SK-HEP1	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human SK-HEP1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human SK-HEP1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
SW480	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human SW480 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human SW480 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]

體外研究
(In Vitro)

Lithocholic Acid 可抑制 CDCA 和 GW4064 誘導(dǎo)的 FXR 激活，IC₅₀分別為 0.7 和 1.4 μM^[5]。
Lithocholic Acid (10-30 μM，24 小時) 抑制 HepG2 細胞中 100 nM GW4064 誘導(dǎo)的 BSEP 表達^[5]。
Lithocholic Acid (0-500 μM) 劑量依賴性地抑制神經(jīng)母細胞瘤細胞 (BE(2)-m17、SK-n-SH、SK-n-MCIXC 和 Lan-1) 的增殖^[3] .

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

體內(nèi)研究
(In Vivo)

Lithocholic acid (LCA) 可用于誘導(dǎo)膽汁淤積模型_[6]_[7]。

誘導(dǎo)膽汁淤積_[6]_[7]

致病原理

LCA 對肝細胞有一定毒性，可通過其滲透作用改變膽汁分泌，并通過改變富含膽管膜的肝細胞細胞膜組分，引起膽汁淤積。

具體造模方法：

大鼠：Wistar • 雄性 • 250-300 g (處理：1 h)
給藥方式：0.2 μmol/100 g • iv • 處理 1 h 后處死大鼠
小鼠：ICR • 雄性 • 5-7 周齡 (處理：3 天)
給藥方式：150 mg/kg • 口服 • 每日 2 次，共 5 次

Note

(1) LCA (靜脈注射) 溶于 7.5% 牛血清白蛋白和 0.45% 生理鹽水中。
(2) LCA (灌胃) 在玉米油中溶解。第 5 次處理后 12 h 處死動物?？捎诘?1 劑給藥后 0、12、24 和 36 h 時，采用尾部放血法采集 50μL 血樣。

造模成功指標

組織學(xué)改變：LCA 注射后短時間內(nèi)顯著增加膽汁流量，之后膽汁流量顯著減少。可觀察到肝組織病理改變，包括肝壞死和彌漫性空泡。

相關(guān)產(chǎn)品： /

拮抗產(chǎn)品： /

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Male mice (C57BL/6)^[4].
Dosage:	0.6% LCA-supplement diet, with the AIN93G diet as a control
Administration:	in diet, for 6 days
Result:	Induced liver injury. Activated TGFβ-SMAD3 signaling. Increased serum ALP activities.

Animal Model:	Male mice (C57BL/6)^[2].
Dosage:	125 mg/kg, dissolved in corn oil
Administration:	i.p., twice a day for four days
Result:	Induced liver injury, generated necrosis and neutrophilic-granulocytic infiltrate (H&E staining). Increased AST, ALT and ALP level.

分子量

376.57

Formula

C₂₄H₄₀O₃

CAS 號

434-13-9

性狀

固體

顏色

White to off-white

中文名稱

石膽酸；3-羥基膽基酸；石膽甾酸；膽石酸

結(jié)構(gòu)分類

Steroids

初始來源

微生物

運輸條件

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

儲存方式

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

溶解性數(shù)據(jù)

細胞實驗：

DMSO 中的溶解度 : 250 mg/mL (663.89 mM; 超聲助溶; 吸濕的 DMSO 對產(chǎn)品的溶解度有顯著影響，請使用新開封的 DMSO)

Ethanol 中的溶解度 : 10 mg/mL (26.56 mM; 超聲助溶 (<60°C))

H₂O 中的溶解度 : 0.99 mg/mL (2.63 mM; ultrasonic and warming and adjust pH to 11 with NaOH and heat to 60°C)

配制儲備液

濃度溶劑體積質(zhì)量	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.6555 mL	13.2777 mL	26.5555 mL
5 mM	0.5311 mL	2.6555 mL	5.3111 mL
10 mM	0.2656 mL	1.3278 mL	2.6555 mL

查看完整儲備液配制表

* 請根據(jù)產(chǎn)品在不同溶劑中的溶解度選擇合適的溶劑配制儲備液；一旦配成溶液，請分裝保存，避免反復(fù)凍融造成的產(chǎn)品失效。
儲備液的保存方式和期限：-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C儲存時，請在6個月內(nèi)使用，-20°C儲存時，請在1個月內(nèi)使用。

* 備注：如您選擇水作為儲備液，請稀釋至工作液后，再用 0.22 μm 的濾膜過濾除菌后使用。

摩爾計算器
稀釋計算器

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

濃度 _(start)

體積 _(start)

濃度 _(final)

體積 _(final)

動物實驗：

請根據(jù)您的實驗動物和給藥方式選擇適當(dāng)?shù)娜芙夥桨浮?

以下溶解方案都請先按照 In Vitro 方式配制澄清的儲備液，再依次添加助溶劑：
——為保證實驗結(jié)果的可靠性，澄清的儲備液可以根據(jù)儲存條件，適當(dāng)保存；體內(nèi)實驗的工作液，建議您現(xiàn)用現(xiàn)配，當(dāng)天使用；
以下溶劑前顯示的百分比是指該溶劑在您配制終溶液中的體積占比；如在配制過程中出現(xiàn)沉淀、析出現(xiàn)象，可以通過加熱和/或超聲的方式助溶

方案一

請依序添加每種溶劑： 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.52 mM); 澄清溶液

此方案可獲得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL（飽和度未知）的澄清溶液。
以 1 mL 工作液為例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 儲備液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理鹽水水溶液中，混合均勻。
2 g SBE-β-CD（磺丁基醚 β-環(huán)糊精）粉末定容于 10 mL 的生理鹽水中，完全溶解至澄清透明。
方案二

請依序添加每種溶劑： 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.52 mM); 澄清溶液

此方案可獲得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL（飽和度未知）的澄清溶液，此方案實驗周期在半個月以上的動物實驗酌情使用。
以 1 mL 工作液為例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 儲備液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均勻。
方案三

請依序添加每種溶劑： 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (2.66 mM); 澄清溶液

此方案可獲得 ≥ 1 mg/mL（飽和度未知）的澄清溶液。
以 1 mL 工作液為例，取 100 μL 10.0 mg/mL 的澄清 EtOH 儲備液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均勻；再向上述體系中加入 50 μL Tween-80，混合均勻；然后再繼續(xù)加入 450 μL 生理鹽水定容至 1 mL。
生理鹽水的配制：將 0.9 g 氯化鈉，溶解于 ddH?O 并定容至 100 mL，可以得到澄清透明的生理鹽水溶液。
方案四

請依序添加每種溶劑： 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (2.66 mM); 澄清溶液

此方案可獲得 ≥ 1 mg/mL（飽和度未知）的澄清溶液。
以 1 mL 工作液為例，取 100 μL 10.0 mg/mL 的澄清 EtOH 儲備液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理鹽水水溶液中，混合均勻。
2 g SBE-β-CD（磺丁基醚 β-環(huán)糊精）粉末定容于 10 mL 的生理鹽水中，完全溶解至澄清透明。
方案五

請依序添加每種溶劑： 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (2.66 mM); 澄清溶液

此方案可獲得 ≥ 1 mg/mL（飽和度未知）的澄清溶液，此方案實驗周期在半個月以上的動物實驗酌情使用。
以 1 mL 工作液為例，取 100 μL 10.0 mg/mL 的澄清 EtOH 儲備液加到 900 μL 玉米油中，混合均勻。

動物溶解方案計算器

請輸入動物實驗的基本信息：

給藥劑量

mg/kg

動物的平均體重

每只動物的給藥體積

μL

動物數(shù)量

只

由于實驗過程有損耗，建議您多配一只動物的量

請輸入您的動物體內(nèi)配方組成：

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

如果您的動物是免疫缺陷鼠或者體弱鼠，建議 DMSO 中的在最后工作液體系中的占比盡量不超過 2%。

方案所需 助溶劑 包括：DMSO，，均可在 MCE 網(wǎng)站選購。，Tween 80，均可在 MCE 網(wǎng)站選購。

計算結(jié)果

工作液所需濃度 : mg/mL

儲備液配制方法 : mg 藥物溶于 μL DMSO（母液濃度為 mg/mL）。

您所需的儲備液濃度超過該產(chǎn)品的實測溶解度，以下方案僅供參考，如有需要，請與 MCE 中國技術(shù)支持聯(lián)系。

動物實驗體內(nèi)工作液的配制方法 : 取 μL DMSO 儲備液，加入 μL 。 μL ，混合均勻至澄清，再加 μL Tween 80，混合均勻至澄清，再加 μL 生理鹽水。

連續(xù)給藥周期超過半月以上，請謹慎選擇該方案。

請確保第一步儲備液溶解至澄清狀態(tài)，從左到右依次添加助溶劑。您可采用超聲加熱（超聲清洗儀，建議頻次 20-40 kHz），渦旋吹打等方式輔助溶解。

純度 & 產(chǎn)品資料

純度: 99.99%

選擇批次：

Data Sheet (655 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (285 KB) HNMR (260 KB) RP-HPLC (183 KB) MS (80 KB)

產(chǎn)品使用指南 (1538 KB)

參考文獻

[1]. Jenkins, D.J., et al., Effect on blood lipids of very high intakes of fiber in diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol. N Engl J Med, 1993. 329(1): p. 21-6. [Content Brief]

[2]. Yang R, et al. Metabolomic analysis of cholestatic liver damage in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Jul 14;120:253-260. [Content Brief]

[3]. Goldberg, A.A., et al., Lithocholic bile acid selectively kills neuroblastoma cells, while sparing normal neuronal cells. Oncotarget, 2011. 2(10): p. 761-82. [Content Brief]

[4]. Matsubara, T., et al., TGF-beta-SMAD3 signaling mediates hepatic bile acid and phospholipid metabolism following lithocholic acid-induced liver injury. J Lipid Res, 2012. 53(12): p. 2698-707. [Content Brief]

[5]. Yu J, et al. Lithocholic acid decreases expression of bile salt export pump through farnesoid X receptor antagonist activity. J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 30;277(35):31441-7. [Content Brief]

Lithocholic acid 相關(guān)分類

完整儲備液配制表

可選溶劑	濃度溶劑體積質(zhì)量	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O / Ethanol / DMSO	1 mM	2.6555 mL	13.2777 mL	26.5555 mL	66.3887 mL
Ethanol / DMSO	5 mM	0.5311 mL	2.6555 mL	5.3111 mL	13.2777 mL
	10 mM	0.2656 mL	1.3278 mL	2.6555 mL	6.6389 mL
	15 mM	0.1770 mL	0.8852 mL	1.7704 mL	4.4259 mL
	20 mM	0.1328 mL	0.6639 mL	1.3278 mL	3.3194 mL
	25 mM	0.1062 mL	0.5311 mL	1.0622 mL	2.6555 mL
DMSO	30 mM	0.0885 mL	0.4426 mL	0.8852 mL	2.2130 mL
	40 mM	0.0664 mL	0.3319 mL	0.6639 mL	1.6597 mL
	50 mM	0.0531 mL	0.2656 mL	0.5311 mL	1.3278 mL
	60 mM	0.0443 mL	0.2213 mL	0.4426 mL	1.1065 mL
	80 mM	0.0332 mL	0.1660 mL	0.3319 mL	0.8299 mL
	100 mM	0.0266 mL	0.1328 mL	0.2656 mL	0.6639 mL

* 備注：如您選擇水作為儲備液，請稀釋至工作液后，再用 0.22 μm 的濾膜過濾除菌后使用。

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Lithocholic acid434-13-9石膽酸3-羥基膽基酸石膽甾酸膽石酸AutophagyEndogenous MetaboliteApoptosisFXRNR1H4bile acidneuroblastomaHepG2liverInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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Lithocholic acid (Synonyms: 石膽酸)

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Lithocholic acid (Synonyms: 石膽酸)

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摩爾計算器

稀釋計算器

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