TOK-001
TOK-001 (Galeterone) is a novel small molecule that selectively target CYP17 and androgen receptor for prostate cancer treatment [1].
CYP17 and androgen receptor (AR) are two preferred target during the treatment of prostate cancer: The former is the prime enzyme that responsible for the production of cancer-inducing androgens [1], whereas the latter acts as transcription factor that increases the expression of androgen-responsive genes [2].
Galeterone is a small molecular therapeutics that designed to treat prostate cancer in three distinctive pathways: competitively inhibit the enzyme function of CYP17. Decreasing androgen-responsive genes expression by binding to AR, and downregulates AR population [3]. Using 293T cells transfected with CYP17, galeterone inhibited the lyase function of CYP17 with an IC50 value of 47 nM after 18 hrs of incubation [3]. In prostate cancer cell line assay, galeterone inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP and LAPC-4 with IC50 value of 6 and 3 μM, respectively [3].
In mice xenograft model that inoculated with LAPC4 cell lines, a daily subcutaneous injection of galeterone (0.15 mmol/kg, twice per day) reduced both the average volume and weight of tumour less by more than 80% and 50%, respectively in comparison with control group [3]. Galeterone is currently underwent phase III clinical trails for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
References:
[1].?Devore N M, & Scott E E. Structures of cytochrome P450 17A1 with prostate cancer drugs abiraterone and TOK-001. Nature, 2012, 482: 116-119.
[2].?Mallik I, Davila M, Tapia T, et al. Androgen regulates Cdc6 transcription through interactions between androgen receptor and E2F transcription factor in prostate cancer cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, 2008,1783:1737-1744.
[3].?Bruno R D, Vasaitis T S, Gediya L. K, et al. Synthesis and biological evaluations of putative metabolically stable analogs of VN/124-1 (TOK-001): Head to head anti-tumor efficacy evaluation of VN/124-1 (TOK-001) and abiraterone in LAPC-4 human prostate cancer xenograft model. Steroids, 2011,76: 1268-1279.
| Physical Appearance | A solid |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| M.Wt | 388.56 |
| Cas No. | 851983-85-2 |
| Formula | C26H32N2O |
| Solubility | insoluble in H2O; ≥12.4 mg/mL in DMSO; ≥26.5 mg/mL in EtOH |
| Chemical Name | (3S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S)-17-(benzimidazol-1-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol |
| SDF | Download SDF |
| Canonical SMILES | CC12CCC(CC1=CCC3C2CCC4(C3CC=C4N5C=NC6=CC=CC=C65)C)O |
| Shipping Condition | Small Molecules with Blue Ice, Modified Nucleotides with Dry Ice. |
| General tips | We do not recommend long-term storage for the solution, please use it up soon. |
| Kinase experiment [1]: | |
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In vitro assay of CYP17 |
The in vitro CYP17 inhibitory activity of Galeterone was evaluated using rapid acetic acid releasing assay, utilizing intact P450c17-expressing E. coli as the enzyme source. It involved the use of [21-3H]-17α-hydroxypregnenolone as the substrate, and CYP17 activity was measured by the amount of tritiated acetic acid formed during the cleavage of the C-21 side chain of the substrate. IC50 value was obtained directly from plots relating percentage inhibition versus inhibitor concentration over appropriate ranges. |
| Cell experiment [2]: | |
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Cell lines |
LNCaP Cells |
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Preparation method |
The solubility of this compound in DMSO is > 10 mM. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37 °C for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below - 20 °C for several months. |
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Reacting condition |
1 ~ 15 μM; 24 hrs |
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Applications |
Compared with all Galeterone analogues, Galeterone was still the most effective compound in vitro, down-regulating > 95% AR at the concentration of 15 μM. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
Male SCID mice bearing LAPC-4 tumors |
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Dosage form |
0.15 mmol/kg; s.c.; b.i.d., for 31 days |
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Applications |
Galeterone effectively inhibited the average volume of LAPC-4 tumors in SCID mice by more than 80%. After 31 days of Galeterone treatment, the final tumor weight was also significantly reduced by more than 50%. |
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Other notes |
Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal. |
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References: [1]. Handratta VD, Vasaitis TS, Njar VC, Gediya LK, Kataria R, Chopra P, Newman D Jr, Farquhar R, Guo Z, Qiu Y, Brodie AM. Novel C-17-heteroaryl steroidal CYP17 inhibitors/antiandrogens: synthesis, in vitro biological activity, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in the LAPC4 human prostate cancer xenograft model. J Med Chem. 2005 Apr 21;48(8):2972-84. [2]. Bruno R D, Vasaitis T S, Gediya L. K, et al. Synthesis and biological evaluations of putative metabolically stable analogs of VN/124-1 (TOK-001): Head to head anti-tumor efficacy evaluation of VN/124-1 (TOK-001) and abiraterone in LAPC-4 human prostate cancer xenograft model. Steroids, 2011,76: 1268-1279. | |
| Description | Galeterone(TOK-001) is a selective inhibitor of CYP17 and antagonist of androgen receptor (AR) with IC50 value of 300 nM and 384 nM, respectively | |||||
| Targets | CYP17 | Androgen Receptor | ||||
| IC50 | 300 nM | 384 nM | ||||
Quality Control & MSDS
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Chemical structure
