IC50: 3.1 nM (Ki)

GR 79236, N-[(1 S, trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl] adenosine, is an highly potent and selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist. Adenosine A1 receptor is ubiquitous throughout the entire body, and ofter has an inhibitory function on most of the tissues.

In vitro: GR79236 is a highly potent and selective A1 receptor agonist which is originally developed for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as a cardioprotective agent and also for peripheral arterial occlusive diseases. GR79236 inhibited catecholamine-induced lipolysis in adipocytes at low concentrations [1]

In vivo: GR79236 has a pronounced effect on NEFA and TG levels in both acute and chronic animal models, thus establishing the potential of this approach for the treatment of T2D [1]. GR79236 also can inhibit neurogenic vasodilation in anaesthetized rats, inhibit electrical stimulation of superior saggital sinusinduced trigeminovascular nociceptive transmission and CGRP release in anaesthetized cats and inhibit trigeminal nociception in humans [2].

Clinical trial: The analgesic efficacy of GR79236 was evaluated in the dental pain model (primarily inflammatory pain state). No evidence of efficacy of GR79236 was found compared with placebo [3].

References:
[1] Kiesman WF, Elzein E, Zablocki J.  A1 adenosine receptor antagonists, agonists, and allosteric enhancers. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;(193):25-58.
[2] Arulmani U, Heiligers JP, Centurión D, Garrelds IM, Villalón CM, Saxena PR.  Lack of effect of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist, GR79236, on capsaicin-induced CGRP release in anaesthetized pigs. Cephalalgia. 2005 Nov;25(11):1082-90.
[3] Sneyd JR, Langton JA, Allan LG, Peacock JE, Rowbotham DJ.  Multicentre evaluation of the adenosine agonist GR79236X in patients with dental pain after third molar extraction. Br J Anaesth. 2007 May;98(5):672-6. Epub 2007 Apr 7.