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The development of a PET Radiotracer for Imaging Alpha Synuclein Aggregates in Parkinson's Disease
Tian, Guilong ; Hsieh, Chia-Ju ; Guarino, Dinahlee Saturnino ; Graham, Thomas ; Lengyel-Zhand, Zsofia ; Schmitz, Alexander , et al.
Abstract: M503-1619 was identified as a promising ligand for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of α-synuclein (α-Syn) pathology in Parkinson’s disease (PD). An Exemplar for binding site 9 (residues GLY-86, ILE-88, PHE-94 and LYS-96) of α-Syn fibrils was generated. An in silico ultrahigh throughput screening campaign was conducted using a 42 million compound library. Secondary in silico methods followed by visual inspection were used to select 6 compounds as candidates for in vitro binding studies. M503-1619 was found to have a high binding affinity (Ki = 6.5 nM versus the site 9 radioligand [3H]BF-2846) to α-Syn fibrils and low affinity for beta amyloid (Ki = 390 nM versus [3H]PiB) in competition binding assays. Saturation binding assays of [3H]M503-1619 in human tissues confirmed its high affinity to α-Syn (PD tissue, KD = 2.5 nM; Alzheimer's disease tissue, KD = 37 nM; progressive supranuclear palsy tissue, KD = 55 nM). Autoradiography studies demonstrated a higher binding of this radioligand in PD brain sections than in multiple system atrophy brain sections. PET studies with [11C]M503- 1619 showed high brain uptake and rapid washout (whole brain peak to 60 min ratio = 3.2) in non-human primates. The results of this study suggest that [11C]M503-1619 is a lead compound for radiotracer development imaging α-Syn with PET.
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Johan Storm J?rgensen ; Elnaz Harifi Mood ; Anne Sofie Holst Knap ; Simone Eidnes Nielsen ; Peter E. Nielsen ; Dorota ?abicka , et al.
Abstract: In view of the increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among human pathogens, antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are in urgent demand. In particular, the rapidly emerging resistance to last-resort antibiotic colistin, used for severe Gram-negative MDR infections, is critical. Here, a series of polymyxins containing unnatural amino acids were explored, and some analogues exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hydrophobicity of the compounds within this series (as measured by retention in reversed-phase analytical HPLC) exhibited a discernible correlation with their antimicrobial activity. This trend was particularly pronounced for colistin-resistant pathogens. The most active compounds demonstrated competitive activity against a panel of Gram-negative pathogens, while exhibiting low in vitro cytotoxicity. Importantly, most of these hits also retained (or even had increased) potency against colistin-susceptible strains. These findings infer that fine-tuning hydrophobicity may enable the design of polymyxin analogues with favorable activity profiles.
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Fabian Fischer ; Julian Schliehe-Diecks ; Jia-Wey Tu ; Tanja Gangnus ; Yu Lin Ho ; Mara Hebeis , et al.
Abstract: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are established anticancer drugs, especially in hematological cancers. This study aimed to design, synthesize, and evaluate a set of HDACi featuring a pentyloxyamide connecting unit linker region and substituted phenylthiazole cap groups. A structural optimization program yielded HDACi with nanomolar inhibitory activity against histone deacetylase class I/IIb enzymes. The novel inhibitors (4d and 4m) showed superior antileukemic activity compared to several approved HDACi. Furthermore, 4d and 4m displayed synergistic activity when combined with chemotherapeutics, decitabine, and clofarabine. In vitro pharmacokinetic studies showed the most promising profile for 4d with intermediate microsomal stability, excellent plasma stability, and concentration-independent plasma protein binding. Additionally, 4d demonstrated comparable in vivo pharmacokinetics to vorinostat. When administered in vivo, 4d effectively inhibited the proliferation of leukemia cells without causing toxicity. Furthermore, the binding modes of 4d and 4m to the catalytic domain 2 of HDAC6 from Danio rerio were determined by X-ray crystallography.
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Conformational Control of Arylamide Foldamers for Protein Surface Recognition
Alotaibi, Fai ;
Abstract: Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential for many biological processes. Aberrant PPIs are also the molecular basis of many diseases, making them an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Peptidomimetics, which are synthetic compounds that mimic the structures and functions of peptides, can be designed to modulate PPIs. Foldamers are synthetic oligomers with well-defined secondary and tertiary structures. Foldamers can be designed as peptidomimetics, making them promising scaffolds for targeting PPIs. In this project, a series of arylamide foldamers were developed aiming to improve the conformation control using hydrogen bonding, stereocenter, and a bridging group. Nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to compare the conformations of this foldamer series in solution. We determined that using the bridging group and stereocenter in addition to hydrogen bonding significantly improved their folding compared to using hydrogen bonding alone. Furthermore, we developed a robust structure-based computational workflow to identify potential peptidomimetic compounds from a virtual foldamer library using a model of the PPI complex and commercially available software.
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Hydrophobic Tagging-Mediated Degradation of Transcription Coactivator SRC-1
Choi, So Ra ; Wang, Hee Myeong ; Shin, Min Hyeon ; Lim, Hyun-Suk ;
Abstract: Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) is a transcription coactivator playing a pivotal role in mediating a wide range of signaling pathways by interacting with related transcription factors and nuclear receptors. Aberrantly elevated SRC-1 activity is associated with cancer metastasis and progression, and therefore, suppression of SRC-1 is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, we developed a novel SRC-1 degrader for targeted degradation of cellular SRC-1. This mol. consists of a selective ligand for SRC-1 and a bulky hydrophobic group. Since the hydrophobic moiety on the protein surface could mimic a partially denatured hydrophobic region of a protein, SRC-1 could be recognized as an unfolded protein and experience the chaperone-mediated degradation in the cells through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Our results demonstrate that a hydrophobic-tagged chimeric mol. is shown to significantly reduce cellular levels of SRC-1 and suppress cancer cell migration and invasion. Together, these results highlight that our SRC-1 degrader represents a novel class of therapeutic candidates for targeting cancer metastasis. Moreover, we believe that the hydrophobic tagging strategy would be widely applicable to develop peptide-based protein degraders with enhanced cellular activity.
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Keywords: PROTACs ; SRC-1 transcriptional coactivator ; cancer metastasis ; hydrophobic tagging ; proteasomal degradation ; ubiquitination ; ubiquitin–proteasome system
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CAS No. : | 94790-37-1 |
Formula : | C11H16F6N5OP |
M.W : | 379.24 |
SMILES Code : | CN(/C(N(C)C)=[N+]1N=[N+]([O-])C2=CC=CC=C2/1)C.F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F |
MDL No. : | MFCD00075445 |
InChI Key : | UQYZFNUUOSSNKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 2733084 |
GHS Pictogram: |
![]() ![]() ![]() |
Signal Word: | Danger |
Hazard Statements: | H302+H312-H315-H318-H411 |
Precautionary Statements: | P273-P280-P301+P312+P330-P302+P352+P312-P305+P351+P338+P310 |
Class: | 9 |
UN#: | 3077 |
Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
Num. heavy atoms | 24 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms | 9 |
Fraction Csp3 | 0.36 |
Num. rotatable bonds | 3 |
Num. H-bond acceptors | 9.0 |
Num. H-bond donors | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity | 79.02 |
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from |
67.85 ?2 |
Log Po/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from |
0.0 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by |
5.26 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from |
6.88 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from |
3.11 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by |
-1.84 |
Consensus Log Po/w? Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions |
2.68 |
Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from |
-5.58 |
Solubility | 0.000987 mg/ml ; 0.0000026 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Moderately soluble |
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from |
-6.43 |
Solubility | 0.000139 mg/ml ; 0.000000368 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Poorly soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by |
-2.04 |
Solubility | 3.43 mg/ml ; 0.00906 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg |
Low |
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg |
No |
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) |
Yes |
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) |
Yes |
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) |
No |
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from |
-4.88 cm/s |
Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from |
None |
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from |
1.0 |
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from |
1.0 |
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat |
0.55 |
PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from |
0.0 alert |
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from |
2.0 alert: heavy_metal |
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from |
No; 1 violation:MW<2.0 |
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) |
3.51 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
5% | With benzotriazol-1-ol; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In tetrahydrofuran; water; ethyl acetate; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; | Example 262 Production of N-[5-({2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-yl}oxy)-2-methylphenyl]-1-methyl-L-prolinamide A mixture of 1-methyl-L-proline (170 mg, 1.3 mmol), N-[6-(3-amino-4-methylphenoxy)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-yl]cyclopropanecarboxamide (210 mg, 0.65 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (175 mg, 1.3 mmol), O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (490 mg, 1.3 mmol), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (330 mg, 2.6 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (15 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 18 hr, and then at 40 C. for 4 hr. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran and water were added to the residue, the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran (*4). Combined organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtrated. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (methanol/ethyl acetate=0/100?10/90) to give the title compound (15 mg, 5%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz) delta 0.76-0.84 (4H, m), 1.69-1.86 (3H, m), 1.87-1.99 (1H, m), 2.11-2.22 (1H, m), 2.23 (3H, s), 2.38 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 2.43 (3H, s), 2.95 (1H, dd, J=10.0, 4.7 Hz), 3.16 (1H, dd, J=7.4, 4.7 Hz), 6.95 (1H, dd, J=8.3, 2.7 Hz), 7.02 (1H, d, J=9.5 Hz), 7.29 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 7.77 (1H, d, J=2.7 Hz), 7.92 (1H, s), 8.02 (1H, d, J=9.5 Hz), 9.61 (1H, s), 11.07 (1H, s). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
61.9% | With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In chloroform; at 20℃; for 40h; | A mixture of 2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (508 mg, 2.25 mmol), 3-methylsulfonylaniline (424 mg, 2.48 mmol), HBTU (854 mg, 2.25 mmol) and DIPEA (981 pL, 5.63 mmol) in chloroform (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 40 h. The solvent was removed under a stream of N2, and the residue treated with water/MeOH (5: 1). This mixture was briefly sonicated then stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried under vacuum to give 2-(benzotriazol-l-yloxy)-N-(3- methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (665 mg, 1.39 mmol, 61.9% yield) as a beige solid. MS, ES+ m/z 448.0 [M+H]+.1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-r e) d 11.37 (s, 1 H), 8.88 (d, J=2.27 Hz, 1 H), 8.72 (d, J= 1.01 Hz, 1 H), 8.43 (s, 1 H), 8.20 (d, J=8.59 Hz, 1 H), 8.03 - 8.07 (m, 1 H), 7.83 (d, J=8.59 Hz, 1 H), 7.67 - 7.77 (m, 3 H), 7.54 - 7.58 (m, 1 H), 3.25 (s, 3 H). |