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Lotfipour, Farideh ; Nematollahi, Davood ; Mohamadighader, Niloofar ; Godini, Zahra ;
Abstract: This work is focused on the electrochemical late-stage modification of hydralazine (1-hydrazinylphthalazine) (HYD), a common antihypertensive drug, and the synthesis of its new sulfonylhydrazine derivatives. The synthesis of HYD derivatives has been easily accomplished in one-pot via electrochemical oxidation of HYD in the presence of arylsulfinic acid derivatives (ASA) in a water/ethanol mixture at constant current conditions. The electrochemical results show that anodically generated 1-diazenylphthalazine (HYDox) reacts with arylsulfinic acids and converts into the corresponding sulfonylhydrazine derivatives (SHD) with high yield and purity in an undivided cell equipped with graphite anode and stainless steel cathode. The main feature of this work is the synthesis of some new HYD derivatives in water/ethanol mixture as a “Green” reaction medium, using electrodes instead of toxic oxidants, having a high atom economy, having good energy efficiency and working at room temperature. These features are in accordance with the principles of green chemistry. Another advantage of this approach is that this method has led to the synthesis of sulfonylhydrazine derivatives in nano dimensions. Also, in this work, the electrochemical behavior of HYD and synthesized compounds (SHD) by different electrochemical methods were fully investigated and the results were reported. Furthermore, docking studies suggest that the products interact well with arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and show promising activity.
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Keywords: Hydralazine ; Sulfonylhydrazine ; Late-stage modification ; Electrochemical synthesis ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Docking studies ; Nano-structured
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CAS No. : | 824-80-6 |
Formula : | C6H4FNaO2S |
M.W : | 182.15 |
SMILES Code : | O=S(C1=CC=C(F)C=C1)[O-].[Na+] |
MDL No. : | MFCD03093775 |
InChI Key : | VDDUCRSPMBZLMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
Pubchem ID : | 23666220 |
GHS Pictogram: |
![]() |
Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
Num. heavy atoms | 11 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms | 6 |
Fraction Csp3 | 0.0 |
Num. rotatable bonds | 1 |
Num. H-bond acceptors | 3.0 |
Num. H-bond donors | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity | 33.72 |
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from |
59.34 ?2 |
Log Po/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from |
-3.15 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by |
1.22 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from |
2.35 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from |
1.69 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by |
0.58 |
Consensus Log Po/w? Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions |
0.54 |
Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from |
-2.08 |
Solubility | 1.53 mg/ml ; 0.0084 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from |
-2.06 |
Solubility | 1.57 mg/ml ; 0.00864 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by |
-2.11 |
Solubility | 1.42 mg/ml ; 0.0078 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg |
High |
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg |
Yes |
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) |
Yes |
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) |
No |
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from |
-6.54 cm/s |
Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from |
None |
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from |
1.0 |
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat |
0.55 |
PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from |
0.0 alert |
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from |
1.0 alert: heavy_metal |
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from |
No; 1 violation:MW<1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) |
2.52 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
42% | General procedure: An oven-dried Schlenk tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar was charged with formamide 1 (2.0 mmol), KO-t-Bu (2.0 mmol) and CH3CN (2.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at 50 C for 30 min and then a CH3CN (2.0 mL) solution containing sodium sulfinates 2 (0.5 mmol) and NIS (1.0 mmol) was slowly added dropwise. The resulting solution stirred at 50 C for 12 h under air. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with 30 mL of H2O, and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the products. |
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