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Hydrazinated geraniol derivatives as potential broad-spectrum antiprotozoal agents
Jooste, Joelien ; Legoabe, Lesetja J ; Ilbeigi, Kayhan , et al. Arch. Pharm.,2024,e2400430. DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400430 PubMed ID: 38982314
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Abstract: Geraniol, a primary component of several essential oils, has been associated with broad-spectrum antiprotozoal activities, although moderate to weak. This study primarily concentrated on the synthesis of hydrazinated geraniol derivatives aspotential antiprotozoal agents. The synthesised compounds were tested in vitro against different parasitic protozoans of clinical relevance, including Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum. Compounds 6, 8, 13, 14 and 15 demonstrated low micromolar activity against the different parasites. Compounds 8, 13, 14 and 15 had the highest efficacy against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, as indicated by their respective IC50 values of 0.74, 0.56, 1.26 and 1.00 μM. Compounds 6, 14 and 15 displayed the best activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, with IC50 values of 1.49, 1.48 and 1.85 μM, respectively. The activity of compounds 6, 14 and 15 also extended to intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi, with IC50 values of 5.14, 6.30 and 4.90 μM, respectively. Compound 6, with an IC50 value of 11.73 μM, and compound 14, with an IC50 value of 8.14 μM, demonstrated some modest antileishmanial activity.
Keywords: geraniol ; Leishmania infantum ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei ; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense ; Trypanosoma cruzi
Purchased from AmBeed: 587-04-2 ; 1122-91-4 ; 552-89-6 ; 456-48-4 ; 6287-38-3
CAS No. : | 6287-38-3 | MDL No. : | MFCD00003351 |
Formula : | C7H4Cl2O | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | ZWUSBSHBFFPRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 175.01 | Pubchem ID : | 22710 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Danger | Class: | 8 |
Precautionary Statements: | P280-P305+P351+P338-P310 | UN#: | 1759 |
Hazard Statements: | H314 | Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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61% | With sodium cyanide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 50℃; for 1 h; Molecular sieve | General procedure: Aldehyde 1 (1.0 mmol; 1.0 equiv.) and 4 ? molecular sieves (300 mg) were added to a mixture of DMF (3.0 mL) and an appropriate alcohol (or a thiol) (3.0 mL). To the above solution was added sodium cyanide (1.5 mmol; 1.5 equiv). The reaction mixture was stirred in an open flask at 50 C and monitored by TLC. After the complete consumption of 1, the mixture was poured into water (25 mL) and extracted with diethyl ether (5 × 10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated. The crude mixture was further purified by column chromatography on silica gel using ethyl acetate/hexane as the eluent to furnish the desired ester compound 3. The aqueous layer was acidified with HCl, extracted with ether, and concentrated to yield the corresponding carboxylic acid 6, which was sufficiently pure needing no further purification. |