Structure of Terephthalaldehyde
CAS No.: 623-27-8
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Jeremy P. Daum ; Alec Ajnsztajn ; Sathvik Ajay Iyengar ; Jacob Lowenstein ; Soumyabrata Roy ; Guan-hui Gao , et al.
Abstract: Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a promising class of crystalline polymer networks that are useful due to their high porosity, versatile functionality, and tunable architecture. Conventional solution-based methods of producing COFs are marred by slow reactions that produce powders that are difficult to process into adaptable form factors for functional applications, and there is a need for facile and fast synthesis techniques for making crystalline and ordered covalent organic framework (COF) thin films. In this work, we report a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach utilizing co-evaporation of two monomers onto a heated substrate to produce highly crystalline, defect-free COF films and coatings with hydrazone, imine, and ketoenamine COF linkages. This all-in-one synthesis technique produces highly crystalline, 40 nm–1 μm-thick COF films on Si/SiO2 substrates in less than 30 min. Crystallinity and alignment were proven by using a combination of grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and successful conversion of the monomers to produce the target COF was supported by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–vis measurements. Additionally, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the growth mechanisms of these films, showing the coalescence of triangular crystallites into a smooth film. To show the wide applicability and scope of the CVD process, we also prepared crystalline ordered COF films with imine and ketoenamine linkages. These films show potential as high-quality size exclusion membranes, catalytic platforms, and organic transistors.
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Keywords: covalent organic frameworks ; chemical vapor deposition ; thin films ; cof-42 ; polymers ; monomers
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Pure Crystalline Covalent Organic Framework Aerogels
Dongyang Zhu ; Yifan Zhu ; Qianqian Yan ; Morgan Barnes ; Fangxin Liu ; Pingfeng Yu , et al.
Abstract: Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline organic materials of interest for a wide range of applications due to their porosity, tunable architecture, and precise chemistry. However, COFs are typically produced in powder form and are difficult to process. Herein, we report a simple and versatile approach to fabricate macroscopic, crystalline COF gels and aerogels. Our method involves the use of dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent and acetic acid as a catalyst to first produce a COF gel. The COF gel is then washed, dried, and reactivated to produce a pure macroscopic, crystalline, and porous COF aerogel that does not contain any binders or additives. We tested this approach for six different imine COFs and found that the crystallinities and porosities of the COF aerogels matched those of COF powders. Electron microscopy revealed a robust hierarchical pore structure, and we found that the COF aerogels could be used as absorbents in oil–water separations, for the removal of organic and inorganic micropollutants, and for the capture and retention of iodine. This study provides a versatile and simple approach for the fabrication of COF aerogels and will provide novel routes for incorporating COFs in applications that require macroscopic, porous materials.
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CAS No. : | 623-27-8 |
Formula : | C8H6O2 |
M.W : | 134.13 |
SMILES Code : | O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 |
MDL No. : | MFCD00006949 |
InChI Key : | KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 12173 |
GHS Pictogram: |
![]() |
Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
Num. heavy atoms | 10 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms | 6 |
Fraction Csp3 | 0.0 |
Num. rotatable bonds | 2 |
Num. H-bond acceptors | 2.0 |
Num. H-bond donors | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity | 37.22 |
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from |
34.14 ?2 |
Log Po/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from |
1.03 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by |
0.93 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from |
1.31 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from |
0.77 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by |
2.14 |
Consensus Log Po/w? Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions |
1.23 |
Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from |
-1.57 |
Solubility | 3.61 mg/ml ; 0.0269 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Very soluble |
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from |
-1.23 |
Solubility | 7.84 mg/ml ; 0.0585 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Very soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by |
-2.26 |
Solubility | 0.735 mg/ml ; 0.00548 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg |
High |
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg |
Yes |
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) |
Yes |
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) |
No |
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from |
-6.46 cm/s |
Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from |
None |
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from |
1.0 |
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat |
0.55 |
PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from |
0.0 alert |
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from |
1.0 alert: heavy_metal |
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from |
No; 1 violation:MW<1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) |
1.0 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
65% | With trans-4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid; In (2S)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine hydrate; dichloromethane; | EXAMPLE 1 A three-neck glass flask (reaction vessel), 100 ml in inner volume, was tightly sealed, vacuumized to 10 mmHg by means of a vacuum rotary pump, and then filled with argon gas (water content of 18 vol.ppm) to normal pressure (an ambient pressure). Then, the three-neck flask was fitted with a stirrer as kept swept with argon gas and was charged with 5.06 g (0.0314 mol) of DAST (produced by Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc.) as a compound (B) and 10 ml of dichloromethane (produced by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) to prepare a solution of compound (B). The three-neck flask was dipped in ice water at 1.0 C. and kept at this temperature and a solution of compound (A) obtained by dissolving 1.06 g (0.00789 mol) of terephthalaldehyde (produced by Tokyo Kasei Organic Chemicals and referred to briefly as "TPA" hereinafter) as a compound (A) in 15 ml of dichloromethane was drip-fed into the solution of compound (B) as kept stirred through a dropping funnel over a period of five minutes. In this Example, the amount of the compound (B) used was 2.0 mol equivalents based on the amount of the compound (A) used. Subsequently, the mixture formed in the flask was stirred continuously at 23 C. under normal pressure for five hours while an argon gas was flowed in the flask at a rate of 5 ml/min, to produce an orange-red reaction solution. The GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis of the resultant reaction solution confirmed the formation therein of 4-difluoromethyl benzaldehyde (product 1) and 1,4-bis(difluoromethyl)benzene (product 2). The GC analysis separately performed on the same sample indicated the area ratio of product 1 to product 2 to be 7/93. By subjecting the reaction solution to separation and purification by means of silica gel column chromatography, 0.91 g (yield 65%) of 1,4-bis(difluoromethyl)benzene was obtained as a product aimed at. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
20%; 30% | In a 5 ml round-bottomed flask, tetrabutylammonium hydrogendifluoride (750 mg, 2.5 mmol) was dried under a reduced pressure of 1 mmHg at 100 C. for 1 hour.After cooling, triethylamine (0.35 ml, 2.5 mmol), 1-methyl-2-fluoropyridinium tosylate (700 mg, 2.5 mmol), then terephthaldehyde (36 mg, 0.25 mmol) were added.The whole mixture was heated at 80 C. for 6 hours.It was then hydrolyzed with 3 ml of water and neutralized with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium monohydrogencarbonate (3 ml).The extraction was carried out with 3 times 5 ml of ethyl ether.The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under a reduced pressure of around 20 mmHg.The residue was purified by chromatography on a silica column (eluent: gradient of dichloromethane in petroleum ether).The product was then in the form of a colorless liquid and was obtained with a yield of 30% (m=13 mg).4-Difluoromethylbenzaldehyde was isolated with a yield of 20% (8 mg).The chromatography results were:Eluent: petroleum ether/dichloromethane:1/1.Developer: UV.Retardation factor: Rf1=0.8; and Rf2=0.27. The NMR characteristics were the following:1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): 6.70 (t, J=56.5 Hz, 2H); 7.62 (s, 4H).13C NMR (CDCl3, 75 MHz): Primaries: - Secondaries: - Tertiaries: 114.0 (t, J=239 Hz); 126.0 (t, J=6 Hz). Quaternaries: 136.7 (t, J=22 Hz). 4-Difluoromethylbenzaldehyde1H NMR (CDCl3 300 MHz): 6.71 (t, J=55.9 Hz, 1H); 7.70 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H); 7.99 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H); 10.09 (s, 1H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With piperidine; In ethanol; at 20.0℃; for 18.0h; | General procedure: In step 1, a mixture of methyl cyanoacetate (25mmol) and the Amine 1 (25mmol) was stirred vigorously for overnight. The resulting solid was triturated with 8mL 95% ethanol and the product filtered. The amide 2 from the step1 reaction (5.0mmol), aldehyde 3 (5mmol), and piperidine (five drops) were stirred in anhydrous ethanol (10mL). Ethanol was evaporated and solid was triturated with water and dried under high vacuum to give the desired product 4. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
58% | With sodium tris(acetoxy)borohydride; In 1,2-dichloro-ethane; at 20℃; for 1h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: Aldehyde (1.5 eq.) and amine (1 eq.) were mixed in 1,2-dichloroethane, followed by addition of sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.4 eq.). The reaction was stirred at room temperature under inert atmosphere for 4 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3, and the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phasewas dried (Na2SO4),and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate/acetonitrile:water:methanol (1:1:1) to afford the desired product. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | With iron oxide; In ethanol; for 0.25h;Reflux; Green chemistry; | General procedure: A mixture of aromatic aldehydes 1a-k (2 mmol) [if para phthalaldehyde 1l (1 mmol)], malononitrile 2 (2 mmol), cyclic β-dicarbonyls 3a, b or cyclic β-enaminoketones 6a-d (2 mmol) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (30 mol%) in ethanol (10 mL) was refluxed for the time reported in Table 2, 3 (the progress of the reaction being monitored by TLC and was used hexane/ethyl acetate as an eluent). After completion of the reaction, the catalyst was separated magnetically from the reaction mixture. Then the reaction mixture was poured into ice-cold water; the crude product was filtered, dried, and recrystallized from ethanol. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
83% | With lithium hydroxide; In tetrahydrofuran; for 10h;Reflux; | After 5.0 g (14.3 mmol) of the compound prepared in the above step 1) was dissolved in 40 ml of tetrahydrofuran, 0.6 g (4.78 mmol) of benzene-1,4-dicarbaldehyde was added and the mixture was refluxed with stirring at 60 C for 10 hours . After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the residue obtained by distillation under reduced pressure was separated by column chromatography (hexane: ethyl acetate = 3: 1, volume ratio) to obtain 1.1 g of the title compound (yield: 83% . |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With acetic acid; In ethanol;Reflux; | General procedure: 1-(2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-yl)-ethanone (3.65 mmol)(2) (500 mg) was dissolved in 15 mL of absolute alcohol andthen 3.70 mmol of aldehyde was added with constant stirringand heating. The reaction mixture was catalyzed by aceticacid. The reaction mixture was refluxed with continuousstirring for 10-12 h to obtain 3(a-j). The completion of reactionwas checked with the help of TLC (petroleumether:ethyl acetate, 8:2). The reaction mixture was cooledand filtered on Buckner funnel and further washed with coldethanol. The yield and M.P were observed and recrystallizationwas done using absolute ethanol. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium metabisulfite; In N,N-dimethyl acetamide; at 180℃; for 0.5h; | In a microwave vial, a mixture of 5-bromo-N1 -methylbenzene-1 ,2-diamine (0.20 g, 0.99 mmol), terephthalaldehyde (66 mg, 0.49 mmol) and sodium metabisulfite (0.22 g, 1 .19 mmol) in anhydrous N,N?-dimethylacetamide (5.00 ml.) was heated at 180 C for 30 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and slowly poured into ice cold water (30 mL). The precipitated product was collected by filtration under vacuum to obtain the crude product. The product was recrystallized from hot methanol, filtered under vacuum and dried to obtain 1 , 4-bis (6-bromo-1 -methyl-1 H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) benzene. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) d: 8.08 (s, 4H), 7.98 (s, 2H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.96 (s, 6H); MS (ESI + APCI): m/z = 497 [M + H]+. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In tetrahydrofuran; at 60℃; for 18.0h; | General procedure: To a stirred mixture of 1.00 mmol of nitropicoline 35 or 63, 1.20 mmol of the appropriate benzaldehyde, and 1.5 mmol of Huenig's base in THF (7 mL/g of nitropicoline 35/63) was added 1.3 mmol of a 1 M THF solution of TBAF. The resulting mixture was heated 60 C for 1.5e2.0 h in the case of 2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c] pyridines or for 18 h in the case of 2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridines. After cooling to room temperature, the reactions were quenched with sat. aqueous NH4Cl. The solution was extracted with EtOAc, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography as specified above. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96.7% | With propionic acid; triethylamine; In acetonitrile; | In a 250 mL three-necked bottle,13.4 g (0.1 mol) of terephthalaldehyde was added sequentially,45.4g (0.21mol) of <strong>[1190-39-2]di-<strong>[1190-39-2]n-butyl malonate</strong></strong>,Triethylamine 0.4g,0.55g of propionic acid,70g of acetonitrile,Heated to 50 C,5 hours reaction time,Cool to 20 ,filter,Gives a white solid,After washing with a little acetonitrile,dry,51.3 g of product were obtained,Yield: 96.7%,HPLC content was 99.88%. |
Tags: 623-27-8 synthesis path| 623-27-8 SDS| 623-27-8 COA| 623-27-8 purity| 623-27-8 application| 623-27-8 NMR| 623-27-8 COA| 623-27-8 structure
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H222 | Extremely flammable aerosol |
H223 | Flammable aerosol |
H224 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapour |
H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour |
H226 | Flammable liquid and vapour |
H227 | Combustible liquid |
H228 | Flammable solid |
H229 | Pressurized container: may burst if heated |
H230 | May react explosively even in the absence of air |
H231 | May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature |
H240 | Heating may cause an explosion |
H241 | Heating may cause a fire or explosion |
H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
H250 | Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air |
H251 | Self-heating; may catch fire |
H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gas |
H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer |
H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer |
H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
H280 | Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated |
H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
H290 | May be corrosive to metals |
Health hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
H301 | Toxic if swallowed |
H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
H303 | May be harmful if swallowed |
H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways |
H310 | Fatal in contact with skin |
H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
H315 | Causes skin irritation |
H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
H320 | Causes eye irritation |
H330 | Fatal if inhaled |
H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
H340 | May cause genetic defects |
H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
H350 | May cause cancer |
H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
H370 | Causes damage to organs |
H371 | May cause damage to organs |
H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
Environmental hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
H401 | Toxic to aquatic life |
H402 | Harmful to aquatic life |
H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
Sorry,this product has been discontinued.
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