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With p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate; In toluene;
EXAMPLE 1 A mixture of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)benzaldehyde (15.0 g.), 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid (10.0 g.) and p-toluenesulphonic acid monohydrate (0.2 g.) was heated in toluene (200 ml.) under reflux for 6 hours with continuous removal of water by azeotropic distillation. The solution was then cooled, washed with 10% w/v sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (100 ml.) and then with water (2*100 ml.) before it was dried (Na2 SO4). The dried toluene solution was filtered and evaporated to give 2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)phenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one (14.6 g.), m.p. 108-110 C. (after recrystallisation from cyclohexane and then from toluene). The 4-(4-chlorophenyl)benzaldehyde was obtained as follows:
With pyridine; In chlorobenzene; isopropyl alcohol;
EXAMPLE 14 A mixture of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)benzaldehyde (21.6 g.), 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid (10.2 g.) and cationic sulphonated polystyrene ion exchange resin (`AMBERLITE` *IR 120, free acid form; 2.0 g.) in chlorobenzene (125 ml.) was heated under reflux for 24 hours with continuous removal of water by azeotropic distillation. The mixture was cooled and the resin was separated by filtration. Pyridine (3 ml.) was added to the filtrate which was then evaporated. The residue was dissolved in hot 2-propanol (200 ml.). A small quantity of insoluble material was removed by filtration and the subsequent filtrate was allowed to cool to give 2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)phenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one (11.8 g.), m.p. 108-110 C.
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