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Chemical Structure| 541-15-1 Chemical Structure| 541-15-1
Chemical Structure| 541-15-1

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CAS No.: 541-15-1

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L-carnitine is constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.

Synonyms: (R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine; Carnitine

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Brandt, Tiffany J ; Skaggs, Hayden ; Hundley, Thomas ; Yoder-Himes, Deborah R ;

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus asymptomatically colonizes the nasal cavity and pharynx of up to 60% of the human population and, as an opportunistic pathogen, can breach its normal habitat, resulting in life-threatening infections. S. aureus infections are of additional concern for populations with impaired immune function such as those with cystic fibrosis (CF) or chronic granulomatous disease. Multi-drug resistance is increasingly common in S. aureus infections, creating an urgent need for new antimicrobials or compounds that improve efficacy of currently available antibiotics. S. aureus biofilms, such as those found in the lungs of people with CF and in soft tissue infections, are notoriously recalcitrant to antimicrobial treatment due to the characteristic metabolic differences associated with a sessile mode of growth. In this work, we show that another CF pathogen, Burkholderia cenocepacia, produces one or more secreted compounds that can prevent S. aureus biofilm formation and inhibit existing S. aureus biofilms. The B. cenocepacia-mediated antagonistic activity is restricted to S. aureus species and perhaps some other staphylococci; however, this inhibition does not necessarily extend to other Gram-positive species. This inhibitory activity is due to death of S. aureus through a contact-independent mechanism, potentially mediated through the siderophore pyochelin and perhaps additional compounds. This works paves the way to better understanding of interactions between these two bacterial pathogens.

Keywords: Burkholderia cenocepacia ; Staphylococcus aureus ; biofilm ; inhibition

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Huguenard, Claire J. C. ; Cseresznye, Adam ; Darcey, Teresa ; Nkiliza, Aurore ; Evans, James E. ; Hazen, Stanley L. , et al.

Abstract: With age the apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 allele (involved in lipid homeostasis) is associated with perturbation of bioenergetics pathways in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We therefore hypothesized that in aging mice APOE genotype would affect the L-carnitine system (central to lipid bioenergetics), in the brain and in the periphery. Using liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry, levels of L-carnitine and associated metabolites: γ-butyrobetaine (GBB), crotonobetaine, as well as acylcarnitines, were evaluated at 10-, 25-, and 50-wk, in the brain and the periphery, in a targeted replacement mouse model of human APOE (APOE-TR). Aged APOE-TR mice were also orally administered 125 mg/kg of L-carnitine daily for 7 days followed by evaluation of brain, liver, and plasma L-carnitine system metabolites. Compared to E4-TR, an age-dependent increase among E2- and E3-TR mice was detected for medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines (MCA and LCA, resp.) within the cerebrovasculature and brain parenchyma. While following L-carnitine oral challenge, E4-TR mice had higher increases in the L-carnitine metabolites, GBB and crotonobetaine in the brain and a reduction of plasma to brain total acylcarnitine ratios compared to other genotypes. These studies suggest that with aging, the presence of the E4 allele may contribute to alterations in the L-carnitine bioenergetic system and to the generation of L-carnitine metabolites that could have detrimental effects on the vascular system. Collectively the E4 allele and aging may therefore contribute to AD pathogenesis through aging-related lipid bioenergetics as well as cerebrovascular dysfunctions.

Keywords: apolipoproteins ; fatty acid metabolism ; lipid oxidation ; vascular biology ; Alzheimer's disease

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Product Details of L-Carnitine

CAS No. :541-15-1
Formula : C7H15NO3
M.W : 161.20
SMILES Code : C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O
Synonyms :
(R)-Carnitine; Levocarnitine; Carnitine
MDL No. :MFCD00038747
InChI Key :PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N
Pubchem ID :10917

Safety of L-Carnitine

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:P261-P264-P271-P280-P302+P352-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P312-P362-P403+P233-P501

Application In Synthesis of L-Carnitine

* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

  • Upstream synthesis route of [ 541-15-1 ]
  • Downstream synthetic route of [ 541-15-1 ]

[ 541-15-1 ] Synthesis Path-Upstream   1~1

  • 1
  • [ 541-15-1 ]
  • [ 6645-46-1 ]
References: [1] Patent: WO2017/195031, 2017, A1, . Location in patent: Page/Page column 12; 13.
 

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