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Batch number can be found on the product's label following the word 'Batch'.
Search for reports by entering the product batch number.
Batch number can be found on the product's label following the word 'Batch'.
Search for reports by entering the product batch number.
Batch number can be found on the product's label following the word 'Batch'.
Search for reports by entering the product batch number.
Batch number can be found on the product's label following the word 'Batch'.
Search for reports by entering the product batch number.
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CAS No. : | 539-88-8 |
Formula : | C7H12O3 |
M.W : | 144.17 |
SMILES Code : | CC(CCC(OCC)=O)=O |
MDL No. : | MFCD00009209 |
Boiling Point : | No data available |
InChI Key : | GMEONFUTDYJSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 10883 |
GHS Pictogram: |
![]() |
Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H227-H302+H332-H319 |
Precautionary Statements: | P305+P351+P338 |
Num. heavy atoms | 10 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms | 0 |
Fraction Csp3 | 0.71 |
Num. rotatable bonds | 5 |
Num. H-bond acceptors | 3.0 |
Num. H-bond donors | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity | 37.25 |
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from |
43.37 ?2 |
Log Po/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from |
1.29 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by |
0.07 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from |
0.92 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from |
0.64 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by |
1.13 |
Consensus Log Po/w? Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions |
0.81 |
Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from |
-0.45 |
Solubility | 51.4 mg/ml ; 0.356 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Very soluble |
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from |
-0.53 |
Solubility | 42.1 mg/ml ; 0.292 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Very soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by |
-1.48 |
Solubility | 4.74 mg/ml ; 0.0329 mol/l |
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale |
Soluble |
GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg |
High |
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg |
Yes |
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) |
No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) |
No |
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from |
-7.13 cm/s |
Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from |
None |
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from |
0.0 |
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from |
1.0 |
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat |
0.55 |
PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from |
0.0 alert |
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from |
0.0 alert: heavy_metal |
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from |
No; 1 violation:MW<1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) |
1.64 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
66% | With phosphoric acid; methylmagnesium bromide; In diethyl ether; ethyl acetate; benzene; | EXAMPLE 1 5,5-Dimethyl-dihydrofuran-2-one (IV) A solution of ethyl levulinate (50.0 g, 0.345 mole) in anhydrous ethyl ether (200 mL) and anhydrous benzene (200 mL) was treated with methylmagnesium bromide (3.0M solution in diethyl ether, 121.0 mL, 0.365 mole) dropwise at 0° C. over 30 minutes. At this time the ether was removed by slow distillation and the resulting benzene solution was heated at reflux for 2 hours. An ice cold solution of 20percent phosphoric acid (500 mL) and ethyl acetate (500 mL) were then added at 0° C. The organic phase was then separated, washed with brine (1*300 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting crude oil was purified by distillation (b.p., 43° C., 0.35 mm Hg) yielding 26.0 g of the title furan-2-one (Y: 66percent); 1 H-NMR (CDCl3): delta2.62 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 2.05 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 1.42 (s, 6H). |
66% | With phosphoric acid; methylmagnesium bromide; In diethyl ether; ethyl acetate; benzene; | EXAMPLE 1 5,5-Dimethyl-dihydrofuran-2-one (IV) A solution of ethyl levulinate (50.0 g, 0.345 mole) in anhydrous ethyl ether (200 mL) and anhydrous benzene (200 mL) was treated with methylmagnesium bromide (3.0M solution in diethyl ether, 121.0 mL, 0.365 mole) dropwise at 0° C. over 30 minutes. At this time the ether was removed by slow distillation and the resulting benzene solution was heated at reflux for 2 hours. An ice cold solution of 20percent phosphoric acid (500 mL) and ethyl acetate (500 mL) were then added at 0° C. The organic phase was then separated, washed with brine (1*300 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting crude oil was purified by distillation (b.p., 43° C., 0.35 mm Hg) yielding 26.0 g of the title furan-2-one (Y: 66percent); 1 H-NMR (CDCl3): delta 2.62 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 2.05 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 1.42 (s, 6H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
49% | With sulfuric acid; In methyl magnesium iodide; water; | EXAMPLE 38 STR47 4,5-Dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone A solution of ethyl levulinate (130.2 g, 0.9 mole) in 400 ml ether and 500 ml benzene was cooled in an ice bath and treated with the slow addition of methylmagnesium iodide (1 mole in 500 ml ether). The ether was removed by distillation, and the remaining solution was refluxed for 3 hours. After cooling the reaction mixture was quenched with 1N sulfuric acid. The aqueous phase was washed with diethyl ether, and then the combined organic solutions were treated with aqueous potassium hydroxide (40 g in 200 ml water) and stirred for 1 hour. The aqueous layer was acidified with 50percent sulfuric acid and extracted with ether. The ether layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to a brown syrup, which was distilled to give the title compound (50 g, 49percent). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In diethyl ether; benzene; at 0℃; for 5h;Heating / reflux; | Ethyl Levulinate (5Og) was dissolved in 500 ml of diethylether/benzene (1/1 v/v), cooled to O0C and a MeMgBr solution (127ml, 3M in diethylether) was added drop wise over 2 h. The ether was evaporated and the resulting benzene solution heated to a gentle reflux for 3 h. Removed benzene and redissolved in EtOAc, washed with IN H2SO4, H2O and cone. NaHCO3. Dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to give 5,5-Dimethyl- dihydro-furan-2-one. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100%Chromat. | sulfuric acid; at 80℃; under 40 Torr; for 3h;Product distribution / selectivity; | A 500 ml 3-neck round bottom flask was charged with 36.64g (0.3 mol) erythritol (obtained from the Cargill Company of Wayzata, MN) and 346.01g (2.4 mol) ethyl levulinate (obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company of St. Louis, MO). The flask was equipped with a Dean Stark trap, mechanical stirrer, and thermocouple. The contents of the flask were heated to 80C, at which point15.99mul of concentrated sulfuric acid (obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company) was added to the reaction flask via a metered microliter pipette. A vacuum was applied to the reaction flask, slowly bringing the pressure down to 40 torr. This pressure was maintained with stirring while liquid was observed to collect in the Dean Stark trap. About 1 hour, 45 minutes after addition of sulfuric acid, the vacuum was released and a small sample was removed from the reaction flask. The vacuum was then reestablished. After an additional 1 hour, 15 minutes reaction time, liquid had stopped collecting in the Dean Stark trap. The vacuum was released, and the contents of the flask were allowed to cool to ambient temperature. A second sample was removed from the reaction flask.Both samples removed were analyzed by GC-MS. The GC portions of the analyses are shown in FIGS. 2 A and 2B. FIG. 2 A shows the GC of the sample removed after the initial 1 hour, 45 minutes of reaction time. FIG 2B shows the GC of the sample removed after a total of 3 hours reaction time, or an additional 1 hour, 15 minutes after the first sample was taken. The percentages of products were calculated by disregarding the presence of ethyl levulinate, because of the excess molar equivalents of ethyl levulinate used in the reaction. Thus, the percentages of erythritol, the monoketal of erythritol with one molar equivalent of ethyl levulinate, and the bisketal of erythritol with two molar equivalents of ethyl levulinate were calculated by determination of their relative GC peak areas. The sample removed at 1 hour, 45 minutes was found to contain 93.03% of the bisketal, 6.97% of the monoketal, and 0% erythritol by GC peak area. The sample removed after the additional 1 hour, 15 minutes reaction time was found to contain 100% of the bisketal.; Examplesl2-15An 896g sample of the polyketal made according to Example 3 was added to the addition flask of a short path wiped film evaporator equipped with carbon blades. A vacuum was applied to the apparatus until the pressure in the apparatus reached 100 millitorr. While under vacuum the entire apparatus was heated to 150C. The wiped film column blades were rotated at 70% at the maximum rate available on the apparatus. The cold finger of the wiped film apparatus was adjusted to O0C using a refrigerated chiller. Upon reaching the target temperature the contents of the reaction flask were dripped into the wiped film column at a rate of 160 drops/minute. After 3 hours, 15 minutes the contents of the addition flask had been emptied into the column. The non-distilled residue that was captured was analyzed by GPC, GC-MS, and 1H NMR.Using the same procedure, the compounds according to Examples 1, 5, and 6 were purified and analyzed. The results of subsequent analyses are shown in Table 2. |
100%Chromat. | aminosulfonic acid; at 90℃; under 30 Torr; for 8h;Product distribution / selectivity; | Using the procedure of Example 1, various polyketal compounds were synthesized. Table 1 shows reagents, temperature, and time of reaction as well as the percent yield of products obtained at the end of the reaction, as determined by GC-MS (GC peak area) employing the calculation described in Example 1. Unless noted, the pressure of the reaction vessel was 30 torr during the reaction.Butyl levulinate was obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company of St. Louis, MO. Ethyl acetoacetate was obtained from Acros Organics of Geel, Belgium. Sorbitol was obtained from Acros Organics. Mannitol was obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company. Pentaerythritol was obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company. Diglycerol was obtained from Tokyo Kasei Kogyo of Tokyo, Japan. Sulfamic acid was obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company. Amberlyst-15 was obtained from the Rohm and Haas Company of Philadelphia, PA. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
2.46 - 6.97%Chromat.; 93.03 - 97.54%Chromat. | sulfuric acid; at 80 - 90℃; under 30 - 40 Torr; for 1.75 - 4h;Product distribution / selectivity; | A 500 ml 3-neck round bottom flask was charged with 36.64g (0.3 mol) erythritol (obtained from the Cargill Company of Wayzata, MN) and 346.01g (2.4 mol) ethyl levulinate (obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company of St. Louis, MO). The flask was equipped with a Dean Stark trap, mechanical stirrer, and thermocouple. The contents of the flask were heated to 80C, at which point15.99mul of concentrated sulfuric acid (obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company) was added to the reaction flask via a metered microliter pipette. A vacuum was applied to the reaction flask, slowly bringing the pressure down to 40 torr. This pressure was maintained with stirring while liquid was observed to collect in the Dean Stark trap. About 1 hour, 45 minutes after addition of sulfuric acid, the vacuum was released and a small sample was removed from the reaction flask. The vacuum was then reestablished. After an additional 1 hour, 15 minutes reaction time, liquid had stopped collecting in the Dean Stark trap. The vacuum was released, and the contents of the flask were allowed to cool to ambient temperature. A second sample was removed from the reaction flask.Both samples removed were analyzed by GC-MS. The GC portions of the analyses are shown in FIGS. 2 A and 2B. FIG. 2 A shows the GC of the sample removed after the initial 1 hour, 45 minutes of reaction time. FIG 2B shows the GC of the sample removed after a total of 3 hours reaction time, or an additional 1 hour, 15 minutes after the first sample was taken. The percentages of products were calculated by disregarding the presence of ethyl levulinate, because of the excess molar equivalents of ethyl levulinate used in the reaction. Thus, the percentages of erythritol, the monoketal of erythritol with one molar equivalent of ethyl levulinate, and the bisketal of erythritol with two molar equivalents of ethyl levulinate were calculated by determination of their relative GC peak areas. The sample removed at 1 hour, 45 minutes was found to contain 93.03% of the bisketal, 6.97% of the monoketal, and 0% erythritol by GC peak area. The sample removed after the additional 1 hour, 15 minutes reaction time was found to contain 100% of the bisketal.; Examples 2-11Using the procedure of Example 1, various polyketal compounds were synthesized. Table 1 shows reagents, temperature, and time of reaction as well as the percent yield of products obtained at the end of the reaction, as determined by GC-MS (GC peak area) employing the calculation described in Example 1. Unless noted, the pressure of the reaction vessel was 30 torr during the reaction.Butyl levulinate was obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company of St. Louis, MO. Ethyl acetoacetate was obtained from Acros Organics of Geel, Belgium. Sorbitol was obtained from Acros Organics. Mannitol was obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company. Pentaerythritol was obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company. Diglycerol was obtained from Tokyo Kasei Kogyo of Tokyo, Japan. Sulfamic acid was obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company. Amberlyst-15 was obtained from the Rohm and Haas Company of Philadelphia, PA. |
1.00%Chromat.; 99.00%Chromat. | Amberlyst-15; at 90℃; under 30 Torr; for 8h;Product distribution / selectivity; | Using the procedure of Example 1, various polyketal compounds were synthesized. Table 1 shows reagents, temperature, and time of reaction as well as the percent yield of products obtained at the end of the reaction, as determined by GC-MS (GC peak area) employing the calculation described in Example 1. Unless noted, the pressure of the reaction vessel was 30 torr during the reaction.Butyl levulinate was obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company of St. Louis, MO. Ethyl acetoacetate was obtained from Acros Organics of Geel, Belgium. Sorbitol was obtained from Acros Organics. Mannitol was obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company. Pentaerythritol was obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company. Diglycerol was obtained from Tokyo Kasei Kogyo of Tokyo, Japan. Sulfamic acid was obtained from the Sigma Aldrich Company. Amberlyst-15 was obtained from the Rohm and Haas Company of Philadelphia, PA. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
16.8% | With graphene oxide-supported zirconia; at 180℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 3h;Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; Autoclave; | General procedure: The transfer hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate into GVLwas performed in a stainless steel 40 mL Parr batch reactor.A representative procedure was as follows: ethyl levulinate(1 mmol), ZrO2/GO (40 mg) catalyst and iso-propanol(10 mL) were charged in the reactor. The air in the reactorwas exchanged with nitrogen for five times and sealed underN2pressure (1.0 MPa). Then the autoclave was heated fromroom temperature to 180 C within 10 min and then the reactionwas performed at 180 C for 3 h. After cooling the reactorto room temperature, the reaction mixture was filtrated,and the clear solution was analyzed by gas chromatography. |
Tags: 539-88-8 synthesis path| 539-88-8 SDS| 539-88-8 COA| 539-88-8 purity| 539-88-8 application| 539-88-8 NMR| 539-88-8 COA| 539-88-8 structure
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Code | Phrase |
P101 | If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand. |
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P220 | Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials. |
P221 | Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles |
P222 | Do not allow contact with air. |
P223 | Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire. |
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P265 | Wash skin thouroughly after handling. |
P270 | Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. |
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P272 | Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. |
P273 | Avoid release to the environment. |
P280 | Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. |
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Code | Phrase |
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P370 + P378 | In case of fire: |
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P371 + P380 + P375 | In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
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H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
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H251 | Self-heating; may catch fire |
H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gas |
H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer |
H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer |
H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
H280 | Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated |
H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
H290 | May be corrosive to metals |
Health hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
H301 | Toxic if swallowed |
H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
H303 | May be harmful if swallowed |
H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways |
H310 | Fatal in contact with skin |
H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
H315 | Causes skin irritation |
H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
H320 | Causes eye irritation |
H330 | Fatal if inhaled |
H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
H340 | May cause genetic defects |
H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
H350 | May cause cancer |
H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
H370 | Causes damage to organs |
H371 | May cause damage to organs |
H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
Environmental hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
H401 | Toxic to aquatic life |
H402 | Harmful to aquatic life |
H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
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