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Search for reports by entering the product batch number.
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Search for reports by entering the product batch number.
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Jacob Silzel ; Chengwei Chen ; Colomba Sanchez-Marsetti ; Phillip Farias ; Veronica Carta ; W. Hill Harman , et al.
Abstract: Cysteine is the most reactive naturally occurring amino acid due to the presence of a free thiol, presenting a tantalizing handle for covalent modification of peptides/proteins. Although many mass spectrometry experiments could benefit from site-specific modification of Cys, the utility of direct arylation has not been thoroughly explored. Recently, Spokoyny and coworkers reported a Au(III) organometallic reagent that robustly arylates Cys and tolerates a wide variety of solvents and conditions. Given the chromophoric nature of aryl groups and the known susceptibility of carbon-sulfur bonds to photodissociation, we set out to identify an aryl group that could efficiently cleave Cys carbon-sulfur bonds at 266 nm. A streamlined workflow was developed to facilitate rapid examination of a large number of aryls with minimal sample using a simple test peptide, RAAACGVLK. We were able to identify several aryl groups that yield abundant homolytic photodissociation of the adjacent Cys carbon-sulfur bonds with short activation times (<10 ms). In addition, we characterized the radical products created by photodissociation by subjecting the product ions to further collisional activation. Finally, we tested Cys arylation with human hemoglobin, identified reaction conditions that facilitate efficient modification of intact proteins, and evaluated the photochemistry and activation of these large radical ions.
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Keywords: Fragmentation ; photodissociation ; radical-directed dissociation ; cysteine modification
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CAS No. : | 5029-67-4 |
Formula : | C5H4IN |
M.W : | 205.00 |
SMILES Code : | IC1=NC=CC=C1 |
Synonyms : |
2-Pyridyl iodide
|
MDL No. : | MFCD00464928 |
InChI Key : | CCZWSTFVHJPCEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 221126 |
GHS Pictogram: |
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Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
67% | With potassium phosphate In water; isopropyl alcohol at 80℃; for 20 h; Sealed tube | General procedure: In a sealed tube, aryl iodide (1 mmol, 1 equiv.), K3PO4(2 mmol,2 equiv.), catalyst (2 molpercent Pd) were suspended in i-PrOH (3 mL)and H2O (3 mL). The acetylene derivative (1.2 mmol, 1.2 equiv.)was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80C for 20 h.After cooling to room temperature, EtOAc (20 mL) and H2O (20 mL)were added and the mixture was filtered over a pad of Celite?.The aqueous layer was extracted twice with EtOAc (2 × 20 mL). Thecollected organics extracts were washed by brine (60 mL), driedon MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Thecrude product was purified by flash chromatography. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With potassium carbonate; N,N`-dimethylethylenediamine;copper(l) iodide; at 95℃; | 1) Production of 2-allyl-6-(methylthio)-1-pyridin-2-yl-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-one 2.4 mL of N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine was added to 1,4-dioxane (50 mL) solution of 4.44 g of <strong>[955368-90-8]2-allyl-6-(methylthio)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-one</strong>, 3.80 g of copper(I) iodide, 5.33 g of 2-iodopyridine and 3.80 g of potassium carbonate, and stirred overnight at 95 C. The reaction liquid was cooled, aqueous ammonia was added thereto and extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated saline water and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated away under reduced pressure, and crystallized with ethyl acetate to obtain 5.15 g of the entitled compound as a white solid. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) delta: 8.94 (1H, s), 8.52 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.90 (2H, d, J=3.5 Hz), 7.29-7.25 (1H, m), 5.68 (1H, ddt, J=17.0, 10.2, 6.3 Hz), 5.05 (1H, d, J=10.2 Hz), 4.91 (1H, d, J=17.0 Hz), 4.85 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz), 2.58 (3H, s). ESI-MS Found: m/z[M+H]+ 300. | |
With copper(l) iodide; potassium carbonate; N,N`-dimethylethylenediamine; In 1,4-dioxane; at 95℃; | Reference Example 1 :Production of 2-allyl-6-fmethylthio)-l-pyridin-2-yl-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d1pyrimidin-3-one2.4 mL of N,N'-dimethyl ethyl enediamine was added to 1,4-dioxane (50 mL) solution of 4.44 g of 2-allyl-6-(methylthio)-l,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-one, 3,80 <n="30"/>g of copper(I) iodide, 5.33 g of 2-iodopyridine and 3.8O g of potassium carbonate, and stirred overnight at 95C. The reaction liquid was cooled, aqueous ammonia was added thereto and extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated saline water and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated away under reduced pressure, and crystallized with ethyl acetate to obtain 5.15 g of the entitled compound as a white solid. 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) delta: 8.94 (IH, s), 8.52 (IH, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.90 (2H, d, J=3.5 Hz),7.29-7.25 (IH, m), 5.68 (IH, ddt, J=I 7.0, 10.2, 6.3 Hz), 5.05 (IH, d, J=10.2 Hz), 4.91 (IH, d, J=I 7.0 Hz), 4.85 (IH, d, J=6.3 Hz), 2.58 (3H, s). ESI-MS Found: m/z[M+H]+ 300. | |
With potassium carbonate;copper(l) iodide; N,N`-dimethylethylenediamine; In 1,4-dioxane; at 95℃; | 1) Production of 2-allyl-6-(methylthio)-1-pyridin-2-yl-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-one: N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (2.4 mL) was added to a 1,4-dioxane (50 mL) solution of <strong>[955368-90-8]2-allyl-6-(methylthio)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-one</strong> (4.44 g), copper(I) iodide (3.80 g), 2-iodopyridine (5.33 g) and potassium carbonate (3.80 g), and stirred overnight at 95C. The reaction liquid was cooled, then aqueous ammonia was added thereto and extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated saline water, and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated away under reduced pressure, and the residue was crystallized with ethyl acetate to give the entitled compound as a white solid (5.15 g). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) delta: 8.94 (1H, s), 8.52 (1H, d, J = 5.1 Hz), 7.90 (2H, d, J = 3.5 Hz), 7.29-7.25 (1H, m), 5.68 (1H, ddt, J = 17.0, 10.2, 6.3 Hz), 5.05 (1H, d, J = 10.2 Hz), 4.91 (1H, d, J = 17.0 Hz), 4.85 (2H, d, J = 6.3 Hz), 2.58 (3H, s). ESI-MS Found: m/z[M+H]+ 300. |
With copper(l) iodide; potassium carbonate; N,N`-dimethylethylenediamine; In 1,4-dioxane; at 95℃; | Production of 2-allyl-6-(methylthio)- 1 -pyridin-2-yl-3 H-pyrazolo [3 ,4-d]pyrimidin-3 -one : 2.4 mL of Nu,Nu'-dimethylethylenediamine was added to 1,4-dioxane (50 mL) solution of 4.44 g of 2-allyl-6-(memyltWo)-l,2-dmydro-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-one, 3,80 g of copper(I) iodide, 5.33 g of 2-iodopyridine and 3.80 g of potassium carbonate, and stirred overnight at 95 C. The reaction liquid was cooled, aqueous ammonia was added thereto and extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated saline water and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated away under reduced pressure, and crystallized with ethyl acetate to obtain 5.15 g of the entitled compound as a white solid. iH-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 5: 8.94 (IH, s), 8.52 (IH, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.90 (2H, d, J=3.5 Hz), 7.29-7.25 (IH, m), 5.68 (IH, ddt, J=17.0, 10.2, 6.3 Hz), 5.05 (IH, d, J=10.2 Hz), 4.91 (IH, d, J=17.0 Hz), 4.85 (IH, d, J=6.3 Hz), 2.58 (3H, s). | |
5.15 g | With copper(l) iodide; potassium carbonate; N,N`-dimethylethylenediamine; In 1,4-dioxane; at 95℃; | Preparative Example 1-1 Production of 2-allyl-6-(methylthio)-l-pyridin-2-yl-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-one: 2.4 mL of Nu,Nu'-dimethylethylenediamine was added to 1,4-dioxane (50 mL) solution of 4.44 g of 2-allyl-6-(methylthio)-l,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-one, 3.80 g of copper(I) iodide, 5.33 g of 2-iodopyridine and 3.80 g of potassium carbonate, and stirred overnight at 95C. The reaction liquid was cooled, aqueous ammonia was added thereto and extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated saline water and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated away under reduced pressure, and crystallized with ethyl acetate to obtain 5.15 g of the entitled compound as a white solid. lH-NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) delta: 8.94 (IH, s), 8.52 (IH, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.90 (2H, d, J=3.5 Hz), 7.29-7.25 (IH, m), 5.68 (IH, ddt, J=17.0, 10.2, 6.3 Hz), 5.05 (IH, d, J=10.2 Hz), 4.91 (IH, d, J=17.0 Hz), 4.85 (IH, d, J=6.3 Hz), 2.58 (3H, s). |
With copper(l) iodide; potassium carbonate; N,N`-dimethylethylenediamine; In 1,4-dioxane; at 95℃; | 2.4 mL of N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine was added to 1,4-dioxane (50 mL) solution of 4.44 g of <strong>[955368-90-8]2-allyl-6-(methylthio)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3-one</strong>, 3.80 g of copper(I) iodide, 5.33 g of 2-iodopyridine and 3.80 g of potassium carbonate, and stirred overnight at 95 C. The reaction liquid was cooled, aqueous ammonia was added thereto and extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated saline water and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated away under reduced pressure, and crystallized with ethyl acetate to obtain the entitled compound as a white solid. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) delta: 8.94 (1H, s), 8.52 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz), 7.90 (2H, d, J=3.5 Hz), 7.29-7.25 (1H, m), 5.68 (1H, ddt, J=17.0, 10.2, 6.3 Hz), 5.05 (1H, d, J=10.2 Hz), 4.91 (1H, d, J=17.0 Hz), 4.85 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz), 2.58 (3H, s). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
700 mg (23%) | With n-butyllithium; iodine; In tetrahydrofuran; | EXAMPLE 10 Compounds of the following general formula II-10 may be made, for example by the following general scheme. Iodopyridine 16. The 3-(Pivaloylamino)pyridine 15 (1.9 g, 11 mmol) and tetramethylethylene-diamine (4.0 mL, 26 mmol) were dissolved in dry THF (60 mL) and cooled to -78 C. While maintaining the temperature between -78 C. and -65 C., nBuLi (2.5 M solution in hexanes, 10.6 mL, 26.5 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was allowed to warm to -10 C. for 2 h, and then cooled back down to -78 C. Iodine (6.73 g, 26.5 mmol) dissolved in dry THF (20 mL) was added slowly. After stirring for 2 h at -78 C., the reaction was quenched with ice. Excess iodine was destroyed with addition of saturated potassium thiosulfate solution. The product was extracted with CH2Cl2, and the organic layers were washed with brine. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to a black oil which was chromatographed (1:1 EtOAc/Hexanes; 2:1 EtOAc/Hexanes) to give 700 mg (23%) of 2,2-dimethyl-N-(4-iodo-3-pyridinyl)propanamide as a yellow solid. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6 300 MHz) δ 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.04 (d, 1H), 7.95 (d, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H). MS (ES+)=305. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | With dicyclohexyl-(2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)-phosphane; tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); potassium carbonate; In toluene; at 120℃; for 18h; | <strong>[6933-49-9]2-methoxy-9H-carbazole</strong> (1.0 eq), 2-iodopyridine (1.2 eq), Pd2(dba)3 (0.05 eq), SPhos (0.10 eq), and K2CO3 (1.0 eq) were dissolved in toluene (0.1 M) and stirred at a temperature of 120 C. for 18 hours. After the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, an organic layer was extracted therefrom three times using dichloromethane and water. The extracted organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated, and column chromatography was performed thereon to obtain Intermediate [1-A] (yield: 91%). |
60% | With (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride; tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); sodium t-butanolate; In toluene; for 18h;Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | A 1 L three-neck round-bottom flask was charged with <strong>[6933-49-9]2-methoxy-9H-carbazole</strong> (4.6 g, 23.2 mmol), 2-iodopyridine (3.1 ml, 29.0 mmol), 1,1?-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (0.514 g, 0.927 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (0.424 g, 0.463 mmol), sodium tert-butoxide (3.12 g, 32.4 mmol) and toluene (150 mL). The reaction mixture was degassed for 20 minutes and heated to reflux for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with water. The aqueous layer was extracted three times with EtOAc and the combined organic layers were concentrated. The crude material was chromatographed on silica with 85/15 hexane/EtOAc (v/v) to 70/30 hexane/EtOAc (v/v) to yield 5.5 g (60%) of 2-methoxy-9-(pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole as an off-white solid. The product was confirmed by GC/MS and NMR. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
106.2 mg | With potassium carbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 70℃; for 16h; | Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(pyridin-2-ylthio)piperidine-l-carboxylate. To a solution of tert-butyl 4-mercaptopiperidine-l-carboxylate (205 mg, 0.94 mmol) and 2- iodopyridine (263 mg, 1.28 mmol) in DMF (3.8 mL) was added potassium carbonate (521 mg, 3.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred 16 h at 70C. The reaction was heated 16 h at 90C. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic extracts were dried over anhydrous Na2S04(s), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified using silica chromatography (0- 50%) EtOAc in Hexanes as the gradient eluent) to afford the title compound (106.2 mg, 361 mmol) in sufficient purity for step 2. MS (apci) m/z = 295.2 (M+H). |
Tags: 2-Iodopyridine | Iodides | Pyridines | Heterocyclic Building Blocks | Organic Building Blocks | 5029-67-4
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H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
H250 | Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air |
H251 | Self-heating; may catch fire |
H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gas |
H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer |
H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer |
H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
H280 | Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated |
H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
H290 | May be corrosive to metals |
Health hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
H301 | Toxic if swallowed |
H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
H303 | May be harmful if swallowed |
H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways |
H310 | Fatal in contact with skin |
H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
H315 | Causes skin irritation |
H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
H320 | Causes eye irritation |
H330 | Fatal if inhaled |
H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
H340 | May cause genetic defects |
H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
H350 | May cause cancer |
H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
H370 | Causes damage to organs |
H371 | May cause damage to organs |
H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
Environmental hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
H401 | Toxic to aquatic life |
H402 | Harmful to aquatic life |
H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
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