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Improved cure kinetics of phthalonitrile resins using dicyanamide‐based ionic liquids
Josh D. Wolfgang ; Jennifer L. Dysart ; Matthew Laskoski J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,2023,140(8):e53534. DOI: 10.1002/app.53534
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Abstract: Phthalonitrile (PN) polymers are high-temperature thermosetting resins with excellent thermal and mechanical performance, but they exhibit notably long cure-times hindering their use in certain applications. Ionic liquids (ILs) and aromatic amines provide an opportunity to cure at lower temperatures and shorter times. Dicyanamide-based ILs are an interesting class of high-temperature organic salts due to their high thermal stability and –CN functionality. The addition of ionic liquid in concentrations of 10 and 20?wt% enabled a decrease of the crossover modulus by 30 and 45℃, respectively. When the samples were mixed with both 3 wt% of an amine curing additive and the ionic liquid, the temperature of the crossover modulus was decreased even more dramatically with cure temperatures up to 96℃ below that of the PN resin without additives. The differential scanning calorimetry results support the rheological findings that the ILs decrease the temperature and/or time required to cure PN resins. Herein, a dicyanamide-based ionic liquid catalyzed the curing of PN resins by lowering the gelation temperature by up to 40℃, decreased the processing viscosity by five- to eight-fold, and increased the density of the resin thermosets by nearly 3% on average.
Keywords: composite ; crosslinking ; ionic liquid ; phthalonitrile ; thermal stability
Purchased from AmBeed: 448245-52-1 ; 370865-89-7
CAS No. : | 448245-52-1 | MDL No. : | MFCD17976576 |
Formula : | C10H15N5 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | ICIVTHOGIQHZRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 205.26 | Pubchem ID : | 11171745 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P264-P270-P280-P301+P312+P330-P302+P352+P332+P313+P362+P364-P305+P351+P338+P337+P313-P501 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |