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With acidic cation exchange resin Amberlyst 70; at 50 - 145℃;Flow reactor; Green chemistry;
General procedure: Acetic acid and ethanol at a weight ratio of 1:2 or 1:3 were mixed at 30° C., and then introduced into the lower part of the vertical reactor at a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 3 hour?1. The reaction was performed at 115° C. The esterized mixture was output from the upper part of the vertical reactor, and collected to be analyzed by gas photography. The acid value of the product was determined by titration, and the conversion rate and the selectivity were analyzed. The results were shown in Table 1.
With carbon dioxide; at 46.02℃; under 66081.6 Torr; for 3.5h;High pressure; Supercritical conditions; Green chemistry;
General procedure: The enzymatic synthesis of citronellyl laurate esters was carried out in 50 mL high pressure reactor vessel. The instrument was equipped with the pressure reading controller and regulator model JASCO-PU-2080-CO2 plus. At first, given amount of vinyl laurate was added followed by addition of given amount of citronellol in the 50 mL reaction vessel. Finally, the reaction was started by addition of immobilized PVA/CHI lipase and the reactor vessel was closed appropriately and assembled to SC-CO2 high pressure reactor. The liquid SC-CO2 was pumped inside the reactor vessel with a flowrate of 3.5 mL/min. The reaction was conducted at given pressure (MPa) and temperature (°C) designed by RSM software for given period. After, the completion of reaction, the SC-CO2 was slowly depressurized through a thermostat restrictor having temperature 50°C which leaves back the residual reaction mass inside the reactor by leaving CO2. The reaction mass was then analyzed using the Perkin-Elmer, Clarus-400 Gas Chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame ionizing detector (FID) and capillary column. The oven temperature of GC was kept at 90°C for 4 min and then rises at 10°C/min up to 240°C. The product formed was also confirmed by the gas-chromatography?mass spectroscopy analysis (GC?MS) by Shimadzu QP-2010 instrument.
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